!version: $Revision: 1.103 $ !date: Wed Aug 05 00:15:13 EDT 2009 !saved-by: shuly !autogenerated-by: DAG-Edit version 1.000-beta8 ! !Gene Ontology definitions ! term: abaxial epidermis of ovary goid: PO:0005023 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the abaxial/outer surface of the ovary. definition_reference: GR:pj term: abaxial nucellar projection goid: PO:0008009 definition: The abaxial/lower portion of the nucellus overlying the vascular strands in the grass caryopsis. definition_reference: GR:ap term: abaxial protoderm goid: PO:0006082 definition: The outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem which gives rise to the abaxial/lower leaf epidermis. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: abaxial side of leaf primordium goid: PO:0004725 definition: The abaxial/outer side of the leaf primordium that becomes the abaxial/lower leaf blade. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: abscission zone goid: PO:0000146 definition: Zone at base of leaf, flower, fruit, or other plant part that contains an abscission (or separation) layer and a protective layer, both involved in the abscission of the plant part. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: accessory transfusion tissue goid: PO:0006086 definition: OBSOLETE. The accessory tissue extending laterally into the mesophyll rather than remaining associated with the vascular bundles. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: Not in current literature. term: adaxial epidermis of ovary goid: PO:0005024 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the adaxial/inner surface of the ovary. definition_reference: GR:pj term: adaxial nucellar projection goid: PO:0008010 definition: The adaxial/upper portion of the nucellus overlying the vascular strands in the grass caryopsis. definition_reference: GR:ap term: adaxial protoderm goid: PO:0006083 definition: The outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem which gives rise to the adaxial/upper leaf epidermis. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: adaxial side of leaf primordium goid: PO:0004726 definition: The adaxial/inner side of the leaf primordium that becomes adaxial/upper leaf blade. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: adult leaf goid: PO:0006340 definition: Adult leaves are characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv comment: The adult leaves are placed above the juvenile (oldest) leaves. However in some plants the juvenile leaves may go on to establish as adult leaves. term: adventitious embryo goid: PO:0004537 definition: Embryo derived directly from nucelus cells without involving embryo sac cells. definition_reference: POC:curators term: adventitious root apical meristem goid: PO:0006021 definition: Apical meristem of the adventitious root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: adventitious root epidermis goid: PO:0006039 definition: The outer most cell layer of the adventitious root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: adventitious root nodule goid: PO:0000040 definition: Enlargement or swelling at position of dormant adventitious root primordium (on the stem), inhabited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: Unlike the root nodules, these contain functioning chloroplasts in the nodule cortex and are therefore capable of carbon fixation. Note: stem nodule is commonly used term for this structure, although the nodules are formed at positions of dormant adventitious root primordia. term: adventitious root primordium goid: PO:0008038 definition: An organized group of cells that will differentiate into adventitious root. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: aerenchyma goid: PO:0005702 definition: Parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: As applied to an intercellular space, originating by one or a combination of two processes, separation and degradation of cell walls. term: aerial tuber goid: PO:0004548 definition: An axillary shoot with a swollen stem.\n definition_reference: POC:curators term: aleurone layer goid: PO:0005360 definition: The outermost endosperm tissue of the seeds, its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies containing seed storage proteins. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: androecium goid: PO:0009061 definition: Collectively the stamens of one flower. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: androecium (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006383 definition: Collectively the stamens of one grass floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: androecium (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006471 definition: Collectively the stamens of one floret of a maize plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: androecium of ear floret goid: PO:0006355 definition: Collectively the stamens of maize ear floret. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The development of the androecium in the ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state. term: androecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006419 definition: Collectively the stamens of lower floret of a pedicellate spikelet of maize ear inflorescence. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The development of the androecium in the ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state. term: androecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006406 definition: Collectively the stamens of lower floret of a pedicellate spikelet of tassel inflorescence of maize. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: This consitutes a functional androecium. term: androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006420 definition: Collectively the stamens of lower floret of a sessile spikelet of maize ear inflorescence. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The development of the androecium in the ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state. term: androecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006393 definition: Collectively the stamens of lower floret of a sessile spikelet of tassel inflorescence of maize. definition_reference: GR:pj term: androecium of tassel floret goid: PO:0006366 definition: Collectively the stamens of one floret of a tassel inflorescence of maize. definition_reference: GR:pj term: androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006422 definition: Collectively the stamens of upper floret of a pedicellate spikelet of maize ear inflorescence. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The development of the androecium in the ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state. term: androecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006405 definition: Collectively the stamens of upper floret of a pedicellate spikelet of tassel inflorescence of maize. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: This consitutes a functional androecium. term: androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006421 definition: Collectively the stamens of upper floret of a sessile spikelet of maize ear inflorescence. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The development of the androecium in the ear floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state. term: androecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006392 definition: Collectively the stamens of upper floret of a sessile spikelet of tassel inflorescence of maize. definition_reference: GR:pj term: angular collenchyma goid: PO:0005621 definition: OBSOLETE. A form of collenchyma in which the primary wall thickening is most prominent in the angles where three or more cells are joined. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The term was made obsolete because angular form is a common attribute of ordinary collenchyma. term: anther goid: PO:0009066 definition: The pollen-bearing part of a stamen. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: anther (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006442 definition: The pollen-bearing part of a stamen of a grass floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: anther (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006473 definition: The pollen-bearing part of a stamen of a maize floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: anther dehiscence zone goid: PO:0005011 definition: A narrow band of cells that extends along the entire length of the anther. This site is observed as an indentation between the locules of each theca. Upon anther maturation, cell separation within the dehiscence zone allows the anther wall to break and for pollen to be released.\n definition_reference: PMID:15319479 term: anther primordium goid: PO:0006089 definition: An organized group of cells that will differentiate into anther. definition_reference: GR:pj term: anther septum goid: PO:0005010 definition: A thin partition or stretch of cells that are present in the anther dehiscence zone. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: GR:cwt term: anther vascular system goid: PO:0008013 definition: Vascular system of the anther definition_reference: GR:cwt term: anther wall goid: PO:0000002 definition: A multicellular layer with outer epidermis and an inner endothecium. definition_reference: GR:pj term: anther wall (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006445 definition: A multicellular layer with outer epidermis and an inner endothecium of an anther of a grass stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj term: anther wall (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006477 definition: A multicellular layer with outer epidermis and an inner endothecium of an anther of a maize stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj term: antipodal cell goid: PO:0020093 definition: Cell, commonly three in number as in the eight-nucleate embryo sac, located at the other end of the embryo sac from the female gamete. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: More or less persistent, multiplicative or not. term: antiraphe goid: PO:0020028 definition: The region on the other side of the ovule from the raphe. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: see raphe. term: apical cell goid: PO:0004000 definition: The uppermost cell formed after the first division of the zygote. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: apical hook goid: PO:0000012 definition: Hook-like structure which develops at the apical part of the hypocotyl in dark-grown seedlings in dicots. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: apical meristem goid: PO:0020144 definition: The meristems located at the apices of the main and lateral shoots and roots. definition_reference: GR:pj term: aril goid: PO:0009090 definition: A structure associated with and often partly or wholly covering a seed and developed from the funicle or raphe. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: Also used more generally to refer to a similar structure derived from any part of the ovule - there has been much and sometimes acrimonious debate over the correct definition of the term, so when used the origin of the aril should generally be given for clarity. term: arilloid goid: PO:0019022 definition: An outgrowth from parts of the seed other than from the funiculus or raphe. definition_reference: ISBN:0080280293 term: articulated laticifer goid: PO:0005006 definition: A structure consisting of long multinucleate tubes in which latex is found, having cross walls (articulated). definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: articulated laticifer cell goid: PO:0006221 definition: Latex-containing cells in which the walls between contiguous cells may partly or completely disappear. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: atrichoblast goid: PO:0000263 definition: A cell formed after asymmetric division of root epidermal cell that does not give rise to a root hair. definition_reference: ISBN:0387987819 term: auricle goid: PO:0020106 definition: Outgrowth at the base of a leaf blade that may wrap around the stem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: awn goid: PO:0006032 definition: A long bristle-like appendage found on the tip or back of various parts of the grass spikelet. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: axial cell goid: PO:0000081 definition: A vascular cell derived from the fusiform cambial initial and oriented with its longest diameter parallel with the main axis of stem or root. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: These cells make up the axial system, also known as vertical or longitudinal system. term: axial wood parenchyma goid: PO:0004533 definition: Parenchyma tissue in the axial system of secondary xylem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: axial wood parenchyma cell goid: PO:0004526 definition: Parenchyma cell in the axial system of secondary xylem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: axillary bud goid: PO:0004709 definition: Bud formed in the axil of a leaf or shoot. definition_reference: POC:curators term: axillary bud meristem goid: PO:0000232 definition: Meristems formed in the axil of the leaf. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: axillary floral bud goid: PO:0004710 definition: Bud formed in the axil of a leaf or shoot that develops into a flower. definition_reference: POC:curators term: axillary inflorescence bud goid: PO:0004711 definition: Bud formed in the axil of the a leaf or shoot that develops into an inflorescence. definition_reference: POC:curators term: axillary shoot goid: PO:0006343 definition: The shoot developing from the axillary bud meristem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: axillary vegetative bud goid: PO:0004712 definition: Bud formed in the axil of the a leaf or shoot that develops into a long or short shoot and/or leaf(s). definition_reference: POC:curators term: bark goid: PO:0004518 definition: All tissues outside the vascular cambium or the xylem; in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: basal axillary shoot goid: PO:0005001 definition: A branch that forms from a leaf at the very base of the shoot. definition_reference: GR:ap term: basal cell goid: PO:0002002 definition: The lowermost cell formed after the first division of the zygote. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: basal endosperm transfer cell goid: PO:0009018 definition: transfer cell found in endosperm, responsible for passing through all nutrients entering the seeds by symplastic or apoplastic methods definition_reference: GR:cwt term: basal endosperm transfer layer goid: PO:0009019 definition: the cell layer found in basal endosperm transfer cell definition_reference: GR:cwt term: bract goid: PO:0009055 definition: A leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: Often used to refer to what is called here floral bract. term: bracteole goid: PO:0009043 definition: A small leaf or leaves borne singly or in pairs on the pedicel, the prophyll(s) of the flower-shoot (pedicel plus flower). definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: bud goid: PO:0000055 definition: Undeveloped shoot. definition_reference: POC:curators term: bud scale goid: PO:0020054 definition: A reduced leaf surrounding a dormant bud. definition_reference: UMSL:tk term: bulliform cell goid: PO:0004001 definition: An enlarged more or less thin-walled epidermal cell present, with other similar cells, in longitudinal rows in leaves of monocots. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Also called motor cell because of its presumed participation in the mechanism of rolling and unrolling of leaves. term: bundle sheath goid: PO:0006023 definition: A layer or layers of cells surrounding the vascular bundles of leaves. It may consist of parenchyma or sclerenchyma. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: bundle sheath extension goid: PO:0006022 definition: A strip of ground tissue present along the leaf veins and extending from the bundle sheath to the epidermis. It may be present on one or both sides of the vein and may consist of parenchyma or sclerenchyma. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: callus goid: PO:0005052 definition: A tissue formed as a result of wounding, or a tissue developing in a tissue culture. definition_reference: GR:pj term: calyx goid: PO:0009060 definition: The sepals of one flower collectively. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: cambial initial goid: PO:0000295 definition: Cell in the vascular or cork cambium which by periclinal divisions produce cells to the outside or inside of the cambial axis. definition_reference: POC:curators term: cambium goid: PO:0005597 definition: A lateral meristem, the cells of which divide mostly periclinally. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: cambium-like transitional zone goid: PO:0006067 definition: OBSOLETE. A cup-shaped region in the shoot apical meristem found between the central mother cell and the rib and peripheral zone. The cells of this zone are derived from the corpus intials, but in some cases they arise also from tunica initials. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: If found, this zone is a temporary feature mostly in Gymnosperms. term: carpel goid: PO:0009030 definition: A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s).\n definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: If carpels are fused, the gynoecium is a syncarpous gynoecium, as in Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. If carpels are free, the gynoecium is an apocarpous gynoecium, as in Fabaceae. term: carpel (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006455 definition: A megasporophyll at the center of a grass floret enclosing the ovule. definition_reference: GR:pj term: carpel (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006470 definition: A megasporophyll at the center of a maize floret enclosing the ovule. definition_reference: GR:pj term: carpel anlagen goid: PO:0006005 definition: A presumptive region (carpel anlagen) on the floral meristem, where carpel primordia would initiate. definition_reference: PMID:14729915 term: carpel primordium goid: PO:0004703 definition: The very first appearance of a carpel. It initiates from the carpel anlagen region of the floral meristem. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: POC:curators term: carpel septum goid: PO:0005009 definition: A thin partition or membrane that divides multilocular ovary. Often found in species with syncarpous (multiple carpels fused) pistil. definition_reference: GR:cwt definition_reference: GR:pj term: carpel vascular system goid: PO:0005019 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in the carpel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: caruncle goid: PO:0020060 definition: An outgrowth from the surface of a seed, usually near the hilum or micropyle. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: casparian strip goid: PO:0000023 definition: OBSOLETE: A band-like wall formation within primary walls that contains suberin and lignin; typical of endodermal cells in roots, in which it occurs in radial and transverse anticlinal walls. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Comment: this term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology (GO:0048226). term: cauline axillary shoot goid: PO:0005002 definition: An axillary branch that forms from a leaf above the very base of the shoot. definition_reference: GR:ap comment: The genetic distinction between cauline axillary branches and tillers may or may not be unique to the Poaceae. There are no data for other plant families. term: cauline leaf goid: PO:0000013 definition: Leaf or pairs/whorls of leaves borne on the stem. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: In Arabidopsis, refers to the leaves that are borne on the elongated inflorescence branches. term: cellular endosperm goid: PO:0000199 definition: Endosperm in which the first karyokinesis event is accompanied by cytokinesis. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 definition_reference: ISBN:0471245194 term: central cell goid: PO:0020090 definition: The largest cell of the mature embryo sac. Contains two polar nuclei, which (after double fertilization) will develop into the endosperm. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: central endosperm goid: PO:0006220 definition: The central region of the endosperm composed of cells that are significantly larger than those at the periphery, especially the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: Also called starchy endosperm region (characteristic of some grasses). term: central root cap goid: PO:0020130 definition: The central part of a root cap in which the cells are arranged in longitudinal files. definition_reference: GR:pj term: central root cap of the lateral root goid: PO:0003019 definition: The central part of a root cap of a lateral root in which the cells are arranged in longitudinal files. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: central root cap of the primary root goid: PO:0003021 definition: The central part of a root cap of the primary root in which the cells are arranged in longitudinal files. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: central spike of ear goid: PO:0006505 definition: The inflorescence axis of the ear. definition_reference: GR:pj term: central spike of tassel goid: PO:0006324 definition: The inflorescence axis of the tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: central zone goid: PO:0000224 definition: An area of densely packed cells in the shoot apex that divide infrequently. definition_reference: ISBN:0521288959 definition_reference: TAIR:lr comment: Functions as a population of stem cells that replenishes the meristem. term: central zone of the leaf lamina goid: PO:0008020 definition: Region that includes the widest or majority portion of leaf lamina and that does not include leaf apex and leaf lamina base. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: central zone of the petiole goid: PO:0008025 definition: Regions of the petiole that does not include petiole distal end and petiole proximal end. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: chalaza goid: PO:0020026 definition: Region in the ovule where the integuments and the nucellus join with the funiculus. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: The chalaza is recognized as the region which initiates the two integuments at its flank. term: chalaza (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006458 definition: Region in the grass ovule where the integuments and the nucellus merge with the funiculus. definition_reference: GR:pj term: chalaza (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006506 definition: Region in the maize ovule where the integuments and the nucellus merge with the funiculus. definition_reference: GR:pj term: chalazal cyst goid: PO:0000201 definition: The part of the endosperm nearest the chalazal region of the ovule and forming a cyst-like structure. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 definition_reference: TAIR:lr comment: Not in current literature. More like an attribute. term: chlorenchyma goid: PO:0005426 definition: Chloroplast-containing parenchyma tissue. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: chlorenchyma cell goid: PO:0000076 definition: Parenchyma cell containing chloroplasts; a component of leaf mesophyll and other green parenchyma tissue. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: coleoptile goid: PO:0020033 definition: A tubular structure developed at the junction of the cotyledonary sheath with the seedling axis, and surrounding the plumule of a monocot embryo or seedling. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: coleorhiza goid: PO:0020034 definition: Tissue surrounding the radicle in the embryo or seedling of some monocots. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: collenchyma goid: PO:0005423 definition: Living tissue composed of more or less elongated cells with thick nonlignified primary cell walls. definition_reference: GR:pj term: collenchyma cell goid: PO:0000075 definition: Elongated living cells with unevenly thickened nonlignified primary walls. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: columella goid: PO:0020014 definition: OBSOLETE: A rod-like element of the sexine/ectexine, either supporting the tectum or a caput. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043674. term: columella root cap cell goid: PO:0020132 definition: Cell that constitutes the central part of the root cap, arranged in longitudinal files. definition_reference: PMID:9384380 definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: columella root cap initial cell goid: PO:0020133 definition: Cell that produces columella cells in the root cap. In direct contact with quiescent center. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: coma goid: PO:0020061 definition: A tuft of hairs at one end of a seed. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: companion cell goid: PO:0000071 definition: A specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member. definition_reference: ISBN:0879015322 term: compound leaf goid: PO:0020043 definition: A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: connective goid: PO:0009068 definition: The part of the stamen that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: connective (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006443 definition: The part of the stamen of a grass floret, that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs. definition_reference: GR:pj term: connective (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006475 definition: The part of the stamen of a maize floret, that connects the microsporangia or pollen sacs definition_reference: GR:pj term: contact cell goid: PO:0004002 definition: OBSOLETE. An axial parenchyma or a ray cell physiologically associated with a tracheary element. Also a cell next to a stoma. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Not used in current plant literature. term: cork cambium goid: PO:0005599 definition: Lateral meristem which produces the phellem (cork) and the phelloderm. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: corolla goid: PO:0009059 definition: The petals of a flower collectively. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: corpus goid: PO:0006301 definition: OBSOLETE. Group of cells located beneath anticlinally dividing peripheral layers (tunica) and dividing in many planes. In apical shoot meristem. Such division cause the increase in the volume of shoot. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The term has been made obsolete because this concept is used in a very loose sense. term: cortex goid: PO:0005708 definition: Tissue between the vascular system and the epidermis in stem and root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: cotyledon goid: PO:0020030 definition: A leaf or leaves formed at the first node of a sporophyte. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: cotyledon abaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006057 definition: The abaxial/lower epidermal cell layer of the cotyledon. definition_reference: GR:pj term: cotyledon adaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006058 definition: The adaxial/upper epidermal cell layer of the cotyledon. definition_reference: GR:pj term: cotyledon epidermis goid: PO:0006056 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the cotyledon. definition_reference: GR:pj term: cotyledon primordium goid: PO:0000015 definition: An organized group of cells that will differentiate into a cotyledon. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cotyledon vascular system goid: PO:0000035 definition: Vascular system of the cotyledon. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: crown root goid: PO:0000043 definition: Adventitious root formed at the base of the growing stem (known as a crown). definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cultured callus goid: PO:0000009 definition: In vitro grown cell aggregates that originated from isolated protoplasts, cell suspensions, or from callus that was induced in sterile medium supplemented by plant growth regulators. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cultured cell goid: PO:0000005 definition: In vitro grown isolated cells and small cell aggregates that proliferate while suspended in liquid sterile medium or spread on a solid agar medium. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: In cell cultures, the cells are no longer organized into tissues. term: cultured embryo goid: PO:0000010 definition: In vitro isolated and maintained mature or immature zygotic embryos, somatic embryos or haploid embryos (derived from male gametophyte). definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cultured leaf cell goid: PO:0000007 definition: In vitro grown isolated cells and small cell aggregates that originated from isolated leaf protoplasts (after they re-established cell wall, or from callus that was induced from leaf tissue). definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cultured protoplast goid: PO:0000006 definition: In vitro isolated cells from which the entire cell wall has been enzymatically removed. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cultured root cell goid: PO:0000008 definition: In vitro grown isolated cells and small cell aggregates that originated from isolated protoplasts after they re-established cell wall, or from callus that was induced from segment of root. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cultured somatic embryo goid: PO:0000011 definition: An embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells in vitro, rather than from fused haploid gametes, i.e., zygote. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: cuticle goid: PO:0000022 definition: A layer of fatty material, cutin, rather impervious to water, located on the outer walls of epidermal cells. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: degenerate megaspore goid: PO:0000245 definition: In monosporic and bisporic megasporogenesis: the megaspore(s) that would not participate in megagametogenesis. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: degenerate megaspore (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006495 definition: The megaspores in a grass plant that would not participate in megagametogenesis. definition_reference: GR:pj term: dehiscent fruit goid: PO:0020064 definition: OBSOLETE. Fruit that breaks open at maturity to release the contents. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: dermal tissue goid: PO:0009014 definition: Tissue derived from the protoderm that covers the surface of the plant body. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: determinate nodule goid: PO:0004539 definition: Nodule characterized by a dividing infected cells and bacteria, vascular transfer cells absent and cell division is in the outer cortex. definition_reference: POC:curators comment: Nodules are not persistent. term: differentiation zone goid: PO:0020135 definition: The portion of the root located behind the elongation zone containing cells that are differentiating into their final form and function. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0020136 definition: The distal part of a lateral (axillary) branch in Zea that bears the functionally-carpellate florets in a highly contracted inflorescence. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv term: ear apical meristem goid: PO:0006375 definition: Apical shoot meristem that gives rise to the maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear floret goid: PO:0006354 definition: Small flowers of the spikelets of maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear floret meristem goid: PO:0006373 definition: Apical shoot meristem that gives rise to the organs of a maize ear floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear lateral meristem goid: PO:0009110 definition: The meristem that gives rise to the lateral structures of a maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear meristem goid: PO:0009109 definition: The meristem which gives rise to the female inflorescence or ear in maize. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv term: ear pedicellate spikelet goid: PO:0006348 definition: Ultimate pedicellate inflorescence branch of the maize ear that develops from the spikelet pair meristem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear peduncle goid: PO:0006418 definition: The stalk of a maize ear below the lowest ear node. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear sessile spikelet goid: PO:0006349 definition: Ultimate sessile inflorescence branch of the maize ear that develops from the spikelet pair meristem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear spikelet goid: PO:0006320 definition: Ultimate inflorescence branch of the maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear spikelet meristem goid: PO:0006378 definition: Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize ear spikelets. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear spikelet pair meristem goid: PO:0006360 definition: A meristem that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems in a maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ear spikelet rachilla goid: PO:0006380 definition: The axis of the ear spikelet, above the glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: early wood goid: PO:0004515 definition: The wood formed in first part of a growth ring and characterized by a lower density and larger cells than the late wood. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: POC:curators term: ectexine goid: PO:0020009 definition: OBSOLETE: The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043669. term: egg apparatus goid: PO:0020096 definition: The egg cell and two synergids located at the micropylar end of the female gametophyte, or the embryo sac, in angiosperms. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: egg cell goid: PO:0020094 definition: A non motile cell at the apex of the embryo sac immediately adjacent to the micropyle and associated with the synergid cells. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: elaiosome goid: PO:0020062 definition: An appendage of a seed, usually rich in oil, attractive to animals, especially ants. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: elongation zone goid: PO:0020125 definition: The portion of the root that includes small, densely cytoplasmic cells that are dividing and expanding in size. definition_reference: GR:pj term: embryo goid: PO:0009009 definition: A young sporophyte contained within a seed. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: embryo axis goid: PO:0019018 definition: Axial part of the young sporophyte comprising the hypocotyl, and the root meristem, or the radicle if one is present. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: embryo cortex goid: PO:0005014 definition: Tissue between the vascular system and the epidermis of hypocotyl and root in the embryo.\n definition_reference: TAIR:donghui definition_reference: PMID:16543410 term: embryo endodermis goid: PO:0005015 definition: The innermost layer of the cortex in the embryos of seed plants. definition_reference: TAIR:donghui definition_reference: PMID:16543410 term: embryo proper goid: PO:0000001 definition: The body of the developing embryo attached to the maternal tissue in the ovule by filamentous suspensor. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: embryo vascular system goid: PO:0008011 definition: Vascular system of embryo definition_reference: GR:cwt term: embryogenic callus goid: PO:0006091 definition: A type of cultured callus that form embryo-like structures such as somatic embryos. definition_reference: POC:curators term: embryonic leaf goid: PO:0006338 definition: The first few leaves developing from the embryonic shoot apical meristem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: embryonic root goid: PO:0000045 definition: Root that is initiated in developing embryo. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: embryonic shoot apical meristem goid: PO:0006362 definition: Meristem at the apex of the embryonic axis. definition_reference: GR:pj term: endexine goid: PO:0020010 definition: OBSOLETE: The inner part of the exine, which stains. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043671. term: endocarp goid: PO:0009086 definition: The innermost differentiated layer of the fruit wall or pericarp. definition_reference: GR:pj term: endodermal passage cell goid: PO:0006208 definition: Cell in the endodermal layer of the root with cell wall that remains non-thickened. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: endodermis goid: PO:0000252 definition: The innermost layer of the cortex in roots and stems of seed plants. The layer of tissue forming a sheath around the vascular region and often having a casparian strip in its anticlinal walls; it may have secondary walls later. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: endosperm goid: PO:0009089 definition: Nutritive tissue in a seed, in angiosperms usually triploid and formed after fertilization by the fusion of one gamete with the polar nucleus, sometimes diploid or polyploid. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: endosperm parenchyma goid: PO:0005415 definition: Relatively unspecialized ground tissue present in the seed endosperm, often devoid of intercellular spaces. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: endotegmen goid: PO:0006219 definition: That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner epidermis of the inner integument. definition_reference: GR:pj term: endotesta goid: PO:0006051 definition: That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner epidermis of the outer integument. definition_reference: GR:pj term: endothecium goid: PO:0020002 definition: The hypodermis of an anther sac with distinctively thickened walls and involved in its dehiscence, especially when this is by slits. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: endothecium (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006446 definition: The hypodermis of an anther sac of a grass stamen with distinctively thickened walls and involved in its dehiscence. definition_reference: GR:pj term: endothecium (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006481 definition: The hypodermis of an anther sac of a maize stamen with distinctively thickened walls and involved in its dehiscence. definition_reference: GR:pj term: endothelium goid: PO:0020024 definition: Cells of the inner epidermis of the inner (or only) integument of the ovule that are radially elongated and metabolically very active. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: epiblast goid: PO:0020036 definition: A flap of tissue in an embryo or seedling arising opposite to the insertion of the cotyledon/scutellum. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: epicalyx goid: PO:0009063 definition: A whorl of structures immediately outside the calyx whorl. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: epicarp goid: PO:0009085 definition: The outer layer of the fruit wall or pericarp. definition_reference: GR:pj term: epicomic shoot goid: PO:0004546 definition: Shoot developing from a trunk. definition_reference: POC:curators term: epicotyl goid: PO:0020035 definition: The first internode of the stem above the hypocotyl. In literature also used for the entire embryonic axis, consisting of several internodes, above the cotyledonary node. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: epidermal cell goid: PO:0004013 definition: Cell that constitutes dermal tissue. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: epidermal cork cell goid: PO:0000041 definition: One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with silica cell. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: Developmentally different from periderm cork cell (i.e., phellem), produced by cork cambium.\n term: epidermal initial goid: PO:0000349 definition: A relatively unspecialized cell that will give rise to specialized cell types of the epidermis. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: epidermis goid: PO:0005679 definition: An outermost cell layer of primary tissues of the plant, sometimes comprised of more than one layer. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: epithelium cell goid: PO:0004004 definition: OBSOLETE. A compact layer of cells, often secretory in function, covering a free surface or lining a cavity. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Functional term term: epithem cell goid: PO:0000066 definition: Cell of the mesophyll of a hydathode found between the xylem endings and the epidermis. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: PMID:12662305 comment: Proposed to be involved in the retrieval of solutes from the xylem sap. term: exine goid: PO:0020008 definition: OBSOLETE: The outer layer of the pollen grain wall, highly resistant to strong acids and bases, and composed primarily of sporopollenin. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043668. term: exodermal passage cell goid: PO:0006207 definition: A short cell in the dimorphic type of exodermis with cell wall that remains non-thickened. definition_reference: PMID:11709575 definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: exodermis goid: PO:0005772 definition: The sub-epidermal layer or layers of cells of the root similar in structure and cytochemical characteristics of the endodermis, the outermost layer or layers of cells of the cortex. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The cell walls are thickened and contain suberin. Absent in pteridophytes, fibrous in Phoenix and accompanied by sclerenchyma in Ananas. term: exotegmen goid: PO:0006218 definition: That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer surface of the inner integument. definition_reference: GR:pj term: exotesta goid: PO:0006050 definition: That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer surface of the outer integument. definition_reference: GR:pj term: exothecium goid: PO:0020004 definition: The epidermis of an anther sac, sometimes with distinctively thickened walls and involved in its dehiscence, usually only when this is poricidal. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: exothecium (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006447 definition: The epidermis of an anther sac of a grass stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj term: exothecium (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006482 definition: The epidermis of an anther sac of a maize stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj term: extrafloral nectary goid: PO:0009057 definition: A multicellular glandular structure found in places other than flower secreting a liquid containing organic substances especially sugar. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: fascicular cambium goid: PO:0006200 definition: Vascular cambium originating from procambium within vascular bundles or fascicles. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: female archesporial cell goid: PO:0006015 definition: In the majority of flowering plants including Arabidopsis, the female archesporial cell elongates and polarizes longitudinally, and directly differentiates into the megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell (MMC). In some flowering plants, it undergoes a periclinal division, and subsequently the inner cell differentiates into the megasporocyte. definition_reference: PMID:10465788 term: female gametophyte goid: PO:0020092 definition: Embryo sac in flowering plants. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: fertile lemma goid: PO:0009041 definition: A lemma that encloses a functional flower, with androecium, gynoecium or both. definition_reference: UMSL:tk term: fiber tracheid goid: PO:0000355 definition: A fiber-like tracheid in the secondary xylem; commonly thick walled, with pointed ends and bordered pits that have lenticular to slit-like apertures. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: filament goid: PO:0009067 definition: The stalk of a stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv term: filament (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006454 definition: The stalk of the stamen of a grass floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: filament (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006474 definition: The stalk of the stamen of a maize floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: filament epidermis goid: PO:0006060 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the stamen filament. definition_reference: GR:pj term: filament vascular system goid: PO:0008014 definition: Vascular system of filament in the stamen definition_reference: GR:cwt term: filiform apparatus goid: PO:0000024 definition: OBSOLETE: A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell similar to those in transfer cells. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043680. term: flag leaf goid: PO:0020103 definition: The last mature leaf before the inflorescence in a cereal crop plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: fleshy fruit goid: PO:0020066 definition: OBSOLETE. The fruit may be derived from monocarpellate or multicarpellate gynoecia. Their walls may consist of the pericarp or of pericarp fused with extracarpellary tissue. The outer part of the fruit wall or the entire fruit wall may become fleshy by differentiating into soft, succulent parenchyma. Parts other than the wall such as placentae and partitions in multilocular ovaries may become fleshy. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: floral bract goid: PO:0009034 definition: Leaf like structure subtending a flower. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: floral bud goid: PO:0000056 definition: Bud that develops into a flower. definition_reference: POC:curators term: floral epidermis goid: PO:0008043 definition: Epidermal layer of the floral organs definition_reference: GR:cwt term: floral guard cell goid: PO:0008045 definition: One of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore of floral organs definition_reference: GR:cwt term: floral meristem goid: PO:0000229 definition: Meristem that gives rise to the floral organs. definition_reference: GR:pj term: floral nectary goid: PO:0009056 definition: A multicellular glandular structure found in the flower secreting a liquid containing organic substances especially sugars. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: floral stomatal complex goid: PO:0008044 definition: An opening pore on the epidermis of floral organs bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange definition_reference: GR:cwt term: floral stomatal pore goid: PO:0008046 definition: The space of variable size controlled by floral stomatal guard cells in response to environmental clues definition_reference: GR:cwt term: floret goid: PO:0009082 definition: Small flowers, esp. of the spikelets of Poaceae and Cyperaceae. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: floret (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006318 definition: Small flowers of the spikelets of Poaceae. definition_reference: Poc:curators comment: It is not clear what the lemma, palea and lodicule correspond to in conventional flowers, therefore we are not making any assumptions of homology at the present time. term: floret meristem (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006329 definition: Meristem that gives rise to the organs of a floret of a grass plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: flower goid: PO:0009046 definition: A heterosporangiate strobilus, typically consisting of androecium, gynoecium, usually surrounded by a perianth and borne on an axis or receptacle. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The characteristic reproductive structure of angiosperms. term: flower abscission zone goid: PO:0006502 definition: Zone at base of the flower that contains an abscission (or separation) layer and a protective layer, both involved in the abscission of the flower and its parts. definition_reference: GR:pj term: flower primordium goid: PO:0004706 definition: The very first appearance of a flower. definition_reference: POC:curators term: flower vascular system goid: PO:0005017 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in the flower and its parts. definition_reference: GR:pj term: foot layer goid: PO:0020016 definition: OBSOLETE: The inner layer of the ectexine. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043670. term: free nuclear endosperm goid: PO:0000198 definition: Endosperm in which at least the first karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 definition_reference: ISBN:0471245194 term: fruit goid: PO:0009001 definition: The seed-bearing structure in angiosperms, formed from the ovary after flowering. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: Poc:curators term: fruit abscission zone goid: PO:0006503 definition: Zone at base of the fruit that contains an abscission (or separation) layer and a protective layer, both involved in the abscission of the fruit. definition_reference: GR:pj term: fruit aleurone layer goid: PO:0008004 definition: The outermost endosperm tissue of the grass caryopsis, its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies containing seed storage proteins. definition_reference: GR:ap term: fruit columella goid: PO:0004540 definition: Central axis of the fruit. definition_reference: POC:curators term: fruit dehiscence zone goid: PO:0004707 definition: A narrow band of cells that extends along the dehiscent fruit's dehiscence region which upon fruit maturation by drying, undergoes cell separation. This allows the valves to detach from the replum and for the seeds to be dispersed. definition_reference: TAIR:ki definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Found in dehiscent fruit. term: fruit distal end goid: PO:0008001 definition: The end distal from the fruit pedicel. definition_reference: (SGN:nm) definition_reference: GR:ap term: fruit nucellus goid: PO:0008005 definition: Subepidermal tissue in the grass caryopsis. definition_reference: GR:ap term: fruit pedicel goid: PO:0004536 definition: Basal part of the ultimate branch of the infructescence. definition_reference: POC:curators term: fruit placenta goid: PO:0004535 definition: A more or less localized region within a fruit to which seeds are attached. definition_reference: POC:curators term: fruit proximal end goid: PO:0008002 definition: The stem end of the fruit. definition_reference: (SGN:nm) definition_reference: GR:ap term: fruit septum goid: PO:0005008 definition: A thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit. IT is derived from the carpel septum. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: fruit vascular system goid: PO:0008003 definition: Vascular system of the fruit. definition_reference: (SGN:nm) definition_reference: GR:ap term: functional megaspore goid: PO:0000244 definition: The megaspore(s) that forms the embryo sac. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: functional megaspore (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006496 definition: The megaspore that forms the embryo sac in grasses. definition_reference: GR:pj term: funicle goid: PO:0020006 definition: The stalk which attaches the ovule to the placenta. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: funicle (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006466 definition: The stalk which attaches the ovule to the placenta in a grass carpel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: funicle (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006489 definition: The stalk which attaches the ovule to the placenta in a maize carpel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: fusiform initial goid: PO:0000079 definition: An elongated cell with approximately wedge-shaped ends, found in the vascular cambium, which gives rise to the elements of the axial system in the secondary vascular tissues. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: gametophyte goid: PO:0009004 definition: A haploid plant, or phase of a plant's life cycle, that bears gametes after mitotic events. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: generative cell goid: PO:0020097 definition: A cell of the male gametophyte of angiosperms that divides to produce two male gametes or sperm cells. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: germination pore goid: PO:0020018 definition: OBSOLETE: Area through which the pollen imports the nutrition during its development, at the time of pollen germination, the pollen tube emerges through it. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043677. term: glume goid: PO:0009039 definition: A "bract" in the inflorescence of a grass, sedge or similar plant. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: glume of ear spikelet goid: PO:0006367 definition: A bract in the ear inflorescence of a maize plant, subtending two florets. definition_reference: GR:pj term: glume of tassel spikelet goid: PO:0006368 definition: A bract in the tassel inflorescence of a maize plant, subtending two florets. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ground tissue goid: PO:0009016 definition: OBSOLETE. Tissues other than the vascular tissues, epidermis and the periderm. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Uninformative definition. Check it again. term: growth ring goid: PO:0004514 definition: A growth layer of secondary xylem or secondary phloem as seen in transection of stem or root; may be an annual ring or a false annual ring. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: POC:curators term: growth ring boundary goid: PO:0004517 definition: Boundary between two growth rings. definition_reference: POC:curators term: guard cell goid: PO:0000293 definition: One of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: They cause the opening and closing of the pore by changes in turgor. term: guard mother cell goid: PO:0000351 definition: Epidermal cell that divides to produce the guard cells. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: gynoecium goid: PO:0009062 definition: Collectively the carpels of a flower. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: gynoecium (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006384 definition: Collectively the carpels of a grass floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: gynoecium (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006357 definition: Collectively the carpels of a maize floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: gynoecium of ear floret goid: PO:0006365 definition: Collectively the carpels of a maize ear floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006424 definition: Collectively the carpels of a lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of a maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. term: gynoecium of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006403 definition: Collectively the carpels of a lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. term: gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006423 definition: Collectively the carpels of a lower floret of sessile spikelet of maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. term: gynoecium of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006391 definition: Collectively the carpels of a lower floret of sessile spikelet of maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. term: gynoecium of tassel floret goid: PO:0006317 definition: Collectively the carpels of a maize tassel floret. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The development of the gynoecium in the tassel floret of a normal maize plant is aborted and is present in a rudimentary state. term: gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006426 definition: Collectively the carpels of a upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A functional gynoecium. term: gynoecium of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006404 definition: Collectively the carpels of a upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. term: gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006425 definition: Collectively the carpels of a upper floret of sessile spikelet of maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A functional gynoecium. term: gynoecium of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006394 definition: Collectively the carpels of a upper floret of sessile spikelet of maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A non-functional or rudimentary gynoecium. term: gynoecium primordium goid: PO:0000019 definition: The very first appearance of gynoecium. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: gynophore goid: PO:0006330 definition: The stalk at the base of the ovary. definition_reference: Poc:curators comment: Typically receptacular in origin. term: haustorial root goid: PO:0003004 definition: OBSOLETE. The root of particular parasitic plants that becomes cemented to the host axis and intrudes into the tissues of the host. definition_reference: http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/typesofroots/ comment: Term is specific for parasitic plants only. term: heartwood goid: PO:0004512 definition: The inner layers of secondary xylem that have largely ceased to function in storage and conduction and in which reserve materials have been removed or converted into heartwood substances; generally darker colored than the functioning sapwood. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: POC:curators term: helobial endosperm goid: PO:0006017 definition: Endosperm in which the first karyokinetic event is accompanied by the formation of a horizontal wall which divides the central cell into unequal regions. The larger one is the micropylar chamber in which cytokinesis does not occur and the smaller one is the chalazal chamber. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: higher order vein goid: PO:0008023 definition: The leaf vein arising from the quaternary or higher vein order definition_reference: GR:cwt term: hilum goid: PO:0020063 definition: The scar on a seed at the place where it was attached to its funicle. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: hilum groove goid: PO:0004719 definition: Longitudinal groove in the testa through the prominent hilum of the seed. definition_reference: POC:curators term: hull (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006000 definition: A leaf like structure often found enclosing the grass fruit, caryopsis. It is derived from the dried lemma (PO:0009037) and palea (PO:0009038) floral bracts found in the grass floret (PO:0006318). definition_reference: GR:pj term: hydathode goid: PO:0005660 definition: A structural modification of vascular and non-vascular tissues, usually in a leaf, that permits the release of water through a pore in the epidermis. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: hypanthium goid: PO:0009065 definition: A cup- or tube-like structure bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary of a flower. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: Poc:curators term: hyperphyll goid: PO:0020044 definition: The unifacial terete apical portion of a monocot cotyledon, sometimes also visible on other leaves. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: hypocotyl goid: PO:0020100 definition: The part of the stem below the cotyledonary node and transitional to a root, found in a young sporophyte. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: hypocotyl endodermis goid: PO:0006065 definition: It is the innermost layer of the cortex of hypocotyl. definition_reference: GR:pj term: hypocotyl epidermis goid: PO:0005013 definition: The outermost primary cell layer of the hypocotyl. definition_reference: TAIR:donghui definition_reference: PMID:15368128 term: hypocotyl vascular system goid: PO:0008015 definition: Vascular system of the hypocotyl definition_reference: GR:cwt term: hypocotyl-root junction goid: PO:0004724 definition: Junction point of the embryonic root and hypocotyl. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: hypodermis goid: PO:0005051 definition: A layer or layers of cells beneath the epidermis that is distinct in appearance from adjacent tissues. It is the outermost layer or layers of cells of the cortex. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: hypophysis goid: PO:0020109 definition: The uppermost cell of the suspensor from which part of the root and root cap in the embryo of angiosperms are derived. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: idioblast goid: PO:0000283 definition: OBSOLETE. A cell in a tissue that markedly differs in form, size, or contents from other cells in the same tissue. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: This term was made obsolete because its a kind of attribute for a cell type. term: in vitro cultured cell, tissue and organ goid: PO:0000004 definition: Isolated and grown plant protoplast, cell, tissue and organ, involving, as a common factor, growth of microbe-free plant material in sterile environment, such as sterilized nutrient medium in a test tube or petri dish. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: included phloem goid: PO:0004524 definition: Phloem produced by included vascular cambium. definition_reference: POC:curators term: included vascular cambium goid: PO:0004523 definition: Cambium occurring within xylem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: indehiscent fruit goid: PO:0020065 definition: OBSOLETE. Fruit that does not open at maturity. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: indeterminate nodule goid: PO:0004538 definition: Nodule characterized by a persistent meristem, presence of vascular transfer cells, and cell division in the inner cortex with non-dividing infected cells and bacteria. definition_reference: ISBN:1842460137 definition_reference: POC:curators comment: Nodule is persistent and may continue to grow after a physiological stress. term: inflorescence goid: PO:0009049 definition: That part of the axial system of plants above the uppermost foliage leaf/pair of foliage leaves that bears flowers. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: Some plants have only solitary flowers, e.g. Magnolia. term: inflorescence apical meristem goid: PO:0009108 definition: The meristem which gives rise to the apical growth of the inflorescence. It develops from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) after it undergoes transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv definition_reference: GR:pj term: inflorescence axis goid: PO:0020122 definition: The central supporting structure around which flowers are borne. definition_reference: UMSL:fz comment: cob (sensu Zea) is different from the cob inflorescence found in Sorghum. term: inflorescence bract goid: PO:0009054 definition: A leaf, modified or not, subtending a branch of the inflorescence or borne on the inflorescence axis below any branches or flowers. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: inflorescence bract of ear goid: PO:0006337 definition: The leaf subtending an ear of corn and acting as outer envelope of the ear. definition_reference: GR:pj term: inflorescence branch goid: PO:0009081 definition: Any branch forming from the primary or the higher order inflorescence axis. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: inflorescence branch pulvinus goid: PO:0009017 definition: Pulvinus of inflorescence branch definition_reference: GR:cwt term: inflorescence bud goid: PO:0000057 definition: Bud that develops into an inflorescence. definition_reference: POC:curators term: inflorescence internode goid: PO:0006326 definition: The region of rachis present between the two nodes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: inflorescence lateral meristem goid: PO:0009105 definition: The meristem which gives rise to the lateral structures of the inflorescence and contributes to their apical growth. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv definition_reference: GR:pj term: inflorescence meristem goid: PO:0000230 definition: Meristem that gives rise to the inflorescence. definition_reference: GR:pj term: inflorescence node goid: PO:0006325 definition: The region of the inflorescence axis where the spikelet, flower, floret or the branch is attached. definition_reference: GR:pj term: inflorescence vascular system goid: PO:0005028 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in the inflorescence. definition_reference: GR:pj term: infructescence goid: PO:0006342 definition: The grouping or arrangement in which fruits are borne on a plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: initial cell goid: PO:0004011 definition: Cell in a meristem that by division gives rise to two cells one of which remains in the meristem, the other is added to the plant body. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: inner integument goid: PO:0020022 definition: The innermost of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the ovule, contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the micropyle at the apex. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: inner integument (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006460 definition: The innermost of the two layers of tissue that cover the ovule of a grass, contiguous to the nucellus and usually involved in forming the micropyle at the apex. definition_reference: GR:pj term: inner integument epidermis goid: PO:0006044 definition: The epidermis of the inner integument in an ovule. definition_reference: GR:pj term: inner secondary parietal cell layer goid: PO:0006008 definition: One of the secondary parietal layer formed towards inner side after the cells of the primary parietal cell layer undergo a periclinal division. It divides periclinally to form the middle layer externally and the tapetum internally. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:2476454 term: integument goid: PO:0020021 definition: One of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: integument (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006465 definition: One of the layers of tissue that covers the ovule of a grass carpel, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex. definition_reference: GR:pj term: integument (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006507 definition: One of the layers of tissue that covers the ovule of a maize carpel, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex. definition_reference: GR:pj term: integument epidermis goid: PO:0006043 definition: The epidermis of an integument in an ovule. definition_reference: GR:pj term: integument epidermis (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006508 definition: The epidermis of an integument in a grass ovule. definition_reference: GR:pj term: intercalary meristem goid: PO:0006073 definition: Meristematic tissue separated from the apical meristem in the primary body by more or less mature tissues. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: interfascicular cambium goid: PO:0006201 definition: Vascular cambium arising between vascular bundles or fascicles, in the interfascicular parenchyma or pith. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: interfascicular region goid: PO:0006202 definition: Region located between vascular bundles in the stem. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: Check for the relationship. Inapplicable for nearly all monocots. term: internal phloem goid: PO:0006216 definition: Primary phloem tissue positioned internal to the primary xylem definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: intine goid: PO:0020017 definition: OBSOLETE: The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall, underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm, not acetolysis resistant and is therefore absent in conventionally prepared palynological material. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043678. term: involucral bract goid: PO:0009045 definition: Equals inflorescence bract of an involucre, as in Asteraceae or Compositeae. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: involucre goid: PO:0009100 definition: A whorl of bracts at the base of a cluster of flowers as found in Asteraceae or Compositae. definition_reference: POC:curators comment: The burs or bristles in Cenchrus and Pennisetum are not involucres because the fused structures are branches and not bracts. term: juice sac goid: PO:0006013 definition: As found in citrus the mature juice sac is a swollen sac with a slender stalk and a sac wall lined with layers of tightly arranged cells. It develops from a single cell of the endocarp. Endocarp develops from the carpellary inner epidermis. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: web:http://www.chineseplantscience.com/earticle_read.asp?id=12171 term: juvenile leaf goid: PO:0006339 definition: Distinct from adult leaves, being characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv comment: The first juvenile leaves are e.g. the embryonic leaves found in the grass kernel (caryopsis). term: L1 goid: PO:0006303 definition: OBSOLETE. The outer layer of the tunica. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A similar term L1 meristem (PO:0009020) occurs. term: L2 goid: PO:0006304 definition: OBSOLETE. The second layer of the tunica. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A similar term L2 meristem (PO:0009021) occurs. term: L3 goid: PO:0006305 definition: OBSOLETE. The innermost layer of the tunica. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A similar term L3 meristem (PO:0009022) occurs. term: lacunar collenchyma goid: PO:0005632 definition: OBSOLETE. A collenchyma characterized by intercellular spaces and cell wall thickenings facing the intercellular spaces. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The term was made obsolete because the lacunar form is an attribute of regular collenchyma. term: lamellar collenchyma goid: PO:0005633 definition: OBSOLETE. A collenchyma in which cell wall thickenings are deposited mainly on tangential walls. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The term was made obsolete because lamellar form is an attribute of regular collenchyma. term: late wood goid: PO:0004516 definition: The secondary xylem formed in the later part of a growth ring; denser and composed of smaller cells than the early wood. definition_reference: POC:curators term: lateral meristem goid: PO:0020145 definition: Cells along the stem or root that first differentiate and function as members of a mature tissue system but then again take up meristematic activity. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: lateral root goid: PO:0020121 definition: Root developing from the pericycle layer of the primary root. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: lateral root apical meristem goid: PO:0006020 definition: Meristem found in the apex of the lateral root. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: This is different from root lateral meristem. term: lateral root cap goid: PO:0020131 definition: The part of the root cap that is parallel to the sides of the axis. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: lateral root cap of the lateral root goid: PO:0003020 definition: In the lateral root, the part of the root cap that is parallel to the sides of the axis. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: lateral root cap of the primary root goid: PO:0003022 definition: In the primary root, the part of the root cap that is parallel to the sides of the axis. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: lateral root differentiation zone goid: PO:0003016 definition: The portion of the lateral root located behind the elongation zone containing cells that are differentiating into their final form and function. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: lateral root elongation zone goid: PO:0003014 definition: The portion of the lateral root located behind the zone of cell division that includes small, densely cytoplasmic cells that are dividing and expanding in size. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: lateral root epidermis goid: PO:0006209 definition: OBSOLETE. The outer most cell layer of the lateral roots. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lateral root primordium goid: PO:0000016 definition: An organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: lateral root tip goid: PO:0000027 definition: The portion of the lateral root including the meristem and root cap. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: lateral root-cap-epidermal initial cell goid: PO:0000061 definition: Cell that produces lateral root-cap cells and root epidermis. definition_reference: POC:curators term: lateral vein goid: PO:0006011 definition: Unbranched second order vein of the grass leaf blade. definition_reference: GR:pj term: laticifer goid: PO:0005053 definition: A secretory structure that produces latex. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: laticiferous cell goid: PO:0004005 definition: OBSOLETE. A specialized cells or ducts resembling vessels; they form branched networks of latex-secreting cells in the phloem and other parts of plants. definition_reference: http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/glossary/glossary.htm comment: Obsoleted: Too general definition of the term. Replaced by two terms: non-articulated laticifer cell and articulated laticifer cell. term: leaf goid: PO:0009025 definition: Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the seed plant body, a structure usually of determinate growth, without secondary thickening, and of superficial origin, often flattened and photosynthetic in part, and in the axil of which is found a bud. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: leaf abaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006019 definition: The epidermal layer of the abaxial/lower surface of the leaf. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: leaf abscission zone goid: PO:0006501 definition: Zone at base of the leaf that contains an abscission (or separation) layer and a protective layer, both involved in the abscission of the leaf. definition_reference: GR:pj term: leaf adaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006018 definition: The epidermal layer of adaxial/upper surface of the leaf. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: leaf aerenchyma goid: PO:0006215 definition: Spongy parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces in the leaf mesophyll. definition_reference: GR:pj term: leaf apex goid: PO:0020137 definition: The top part of the leaf, usually the apex of the leaf blade. definition_reference: UMSL:fz term: leaf axil goid: PO:0009023 definition: The angle between the petiole of a leaf and the stem to which it is attached.\n definition_reference: GR:cwt term: leaf base goid: PO:0020040 definition: The bottom part of a leaf where it attaches to the stem. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: leaf collar goid: PO:0006012 definition: A thin band of intercalary meristematic tissue at the junction of the leaf blade (lamina) and the leaf sheath found in grasses. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: leaf endodermis goid: PO:0005060 definition: The layer of tissue forming a sheath around the vascular region in a leaf. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Often found in the leaf of Gymnosperms and elsewhere. term: leaf epidermis goid: PO:0006016 definition: Epidermal layer of a foliage leaf. definition_reference: GR:pj term: leaf intercalary meristem goid: PO:0006346 definition: The meristematic tissue in the primary body of the leaf separated from the apical meristem by non-meristematic tissues. definition_reference: GR:pj term: leaf lamina goid: PO:0020039 definition: The blade of a leaf, usually dorsiventrally flattened, and expanded. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: leaf lamina abaxial epidermis goid: PO:0000049 definition: The epidermal layer of the abaxial/lower surface of the leaf blade. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: leaf lamina adaxial epidermis goid: PO:0000050 definition: The epidermal layer of the adaxial/upper surface of the leaf blade. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: leaf lamina base goid: PO:0008019 definition: The region of the leaf lamina proximal to the stem and usually connected to it by means of a petiole. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: leaf lamina epidermis goid: PO:0000047 definition: Epidermal layer of a leaf blade. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: leaf lamina vascular system goid: PO:0000048 definition: Vascular system of the leaf lamina. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: leaf margin goid: PO:0020128 definition: The margin or edge of the lamina. definition_reference: UMSL:fz term: leaf mesophyll goid: PO:0005645 definition: The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the foliage leaf. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: leaf primordium goid: PO:0000017 definition: An organized group of cells that will differentiate into leaf that are emerging as an outgrowth in the shoot apex (flanking the meristem). definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: leaf rachis goid: PO:0020055 definition: That part of the main axis of a pinnate or more highly compound leaf, that bears leaflets or divisions of the axis. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: leaf sheath goid: PO:0020104 definition: Any tubular portion of the leaf surrounding the stem, as in the Poaceae. definition_reference: GR:pj term: leaf sheath pulvinus goid: PO:0008017 definition: A more or less abrupt swelling, especially at the apex or base of a leaf sheath definition_reference: GR:cwt term: leaf trichome goid: PO:0006504 definition: Trichome on/from the epidermis of a leaf. definition_reference: GR:pj term: leaf vascular system goid: PO:0000036 definition: Vascular system of the leaf. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: leaf vein goid: PO:0020138 definition: A strand of vascular tissue in the leaf blade. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: leaf whorl goid: PO:0008034 definition: A cluster of leaves in crowded circles or spirals arising basally from a crown definition_reference: GR:cwt term: leaflet goid: PO:0020049 definition: One of the ultimate segments of a compound leaf. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: leaflet margin goid: PO:0006034 definition: The margin or edges of the leaflet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma goid: PO:0009037 definition: In a grass floret, the lower of two bracts enclosing a flower. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of ear floret goid: PO:0006363 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006431 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear pedicellate spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006407 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel pedicellate spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006433 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear sessile spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006397 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel sessile spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of tassel floret goid: PO:0006356 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006432 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear pedicellate spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006409 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel pedicellate spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006434 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear sessile spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lemma of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006395 definition: The lower of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel sessile spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lenticel goid: PO:0000031 definition: Loosely-packed mass of cork cells occurring especially in the young stem, bark or even leaf of a plant, visible on the surface as a raised, often powdery-appearing spot, through which gaseous exchange occurs. definition_reference: ISBN: 0471245208 term: libriform fiber goid: PO:0004520 definition: A xylem fiber commonly with thick walls and simple pits. definition_reference: POC:curators term: ligule goid: PO:0020105 definition: A membranous or hairy appendage on the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf, at the junction between sheath and blade, especially in grasses definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: lodicule goid: PO:0009036 definition: In a grass floret, one of two or three tiny scales or flaps of tissue outside the stamens, possibly representing reduced perianth segments. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: lodicule of ear floret goid: PO:0006382 definition: In a Maize ear floret, one of two or three tiny scales or flaps of tissue, possibly representing reduced perianth segments. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: lodicule of tassel floret goid: PO:0006381 definition: In a tassel floret, one of two or three tiny scales or flaps of tissue outside the stamens, possibly representing reduced perianth segments. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: lodicule primordium goid: PO:0008040 definition: The primordium will differentiat into lodicule definition_reference: GR:cwt term: long cell goid: PO:0004717 definition: A more or less rectangular epidermal cell in which the proximo-distal dimension is several times longer than the transverse dimension. definition_reference: POC:curators comment: The leaf epidermis of Poaceae and Joinvilleaceae, long cells and short cells often alternate in longitudinal rows. term: long lateral tassel branch goid: PO:0009101 definition: The long branch that arise from the central spike of tassel in maize. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv definition_reference: GR:pj term: long lateral tassel branch meristem goid: PO:0009104 definition: The meristem that gives rise to the long lateral branch in the maize tassel. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv term: long shoot goid: PO:0004702 definition: Shoot in which all or most of the internodes elongate. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006353 definition: The lower of the two florets of the pedicellate spikelet rachilla of a maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The lower floret on the ear does not usually develop into a functional one. term: lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006313 definition: The lower of the two florets of the pedicellate spikelet of a maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006351 definition: The lower of the two florets on the sessile spikelet of a maize ear. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: This floret does not usually develop into a functional one. term: lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006315 definition: The lower of the two florets of the sessile spikelet of a maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower glume goid: PO:0006002 definition: The proximal/basal of the two glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower glume of ear spikelet goid: PO:0006369 definition: The proximal/basal of the two glumes in the ear spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006437 definition: The proximal/basal of the two glumes in the ear pedicellate spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006385 definition: The proximal/basal of the two glumes in the tassel pedicellate spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower glume of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006438 definition: The proximal/basal of the two glumes in the ear sessile spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower glume of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006386 definition: The proximal/basal of the two glumes in the tassel sessile spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lower glume of tassel spikelet goid: PO:0006372 definition: The proximal/basal of the two glumes in the tassel spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: lysigenous aerenchyma goid: PO:0005706 definition: OBSOLETE. Aerenchyma originating by dissolution of cells. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The term was made obsolete because lysigenous form is an attribute of regular aerenchyma. term: male archesporial cell goid: PO:0006014 definition: It undergoes periclinal divisions, giving rise to an inner primary sporogenous cell (PSC) layer and an outer primary parietal cell (PPC) definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:10465788 term: male gametophyte goid: PO:0020091 definition: A plant body or cell lineage formed by vegetative growth of the microspore, producing male gametes. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: mature dispersal unit goid: PO:0009091 definition: OBSOLETE. provisional term definition_reference: Poc:curators term: megaphyll goid: PO:0020052 definition: OBSOLETE. Literally a large leaf, a leaf of any size whose vascular supply leaves one or more gaps as it departs from the stem vascular tissue. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: megaspore goid: PO:0020019 definition: The larger, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a heterosporous plant, and on germination giving rise to the female gametophyte (embryo sac). definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: megaspore (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006464 definition: The larger, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a grass plant, and on germination giving rise to the female gametophyte (embryo sac). definition_reference: GR:pj term: megaspore (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006494 definition: The larger, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a maize plant, and on germination giving rise to the female gametophyte (embryo sac). definition_reference: GR:pj term: megasporocyte goid: PO:0000431 definition: A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) megaspores. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: megasporocyte (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006463 definition: A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) megaspores in a grass plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: megasporocyte (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006493 definition: A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) megaspores in a maize plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: megasporophyll goid: PO:0009027 definition: A structure upon which (or in the axil of which) one or more megasporangia are borne; in flowering plants, a carpel. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: mericarp goid: PO:0020075 definition: OBSOLETE. One segment of a fruit of a schizocarp consisting of pericarp plus seed(s). definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: meristem goid: PO:0009013 definition: Regions of a plant in which cells that have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: meristem L1 goid: PO:0009020 definition: The outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem which gives rise to the shoot epidermis. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:12221985 term: meristem L2 goid: PO:0009021 definition: The cell layer beneath the L1 layer in the shoot meristem which gives rise to subepidermal tissue. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:12221985 term: meristem L3 goid: PO:0009022 definition: The multicellular layer beneath the L2 layer in the shoot meristem which gives rise to internal tissues of leaf and stem. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:12221985 term: meristematic cell goid: PO:0004010 definition: A cell synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: meristemoid goid: PO:0000070 definition: A cell or a group of cells constituting an active locus of meristematic activity in a tissue composed of somewhat older, differentiating cells. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: PO:syr term: mesocarp goid: PO:0009087 definition: Middle layer of the fruit wall or pericarp. definition_reference: GR:pj term: mesocotyl goid: PO:0020037 definition: The internode between the cotyledon or cotyledons and the leaf or leaves at the next node of a young sporophyte. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: mesophyll goid: PO:0006070 definition: The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the leaf or leaf like organs. definition_reference: GR:pj term: mesophyll cell goid: PO:0004006 definition: A Cell that constitutes leaf mesophyll. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: mestome sheath goid: PO:0006025 definition: The inner endodermal sheath of a two layered bundle sheath. The cells are smaller in diameter compared to those in outer wall (starch sheath). The cell walls are thick and contain suberized lamellae. They are analogous to endodermis. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: metaphloem goid: PO:0006076 definition: Part of the primary phloem that differentiates after the protophloem and before the secondary phloem, if any of the latter is formed. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245194 term: metaxylem goid: PO:0000372 definition: Part of the primary xylem that differentiates after the protoxylem and before the secondary xylem, if any of the latter is formed. definition_reference: ISBN:047125208 term: microphyll goid: PO:0020053 definition: OBSOLETE. Literally a small leaf, a leaf of any size in which any vascular trace supplying it does not interrupt the central vascular cylinder when it departs, i.e. there are no leaf gaps. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: micropylar endosperm goid: PO:0000200 definition: The region of the endosperm closest to the micropyle of the seed. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: micropyle goid: PO:0020025 definition: A small canal or opening through the integument(s) at the apex of an ovule. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: In a mature seed the micropyle may remain visible as an occluded pore or may be obliterated. The micropyle originates as an opening in the integuments of an ovule through which the pollen tube usually enters the embryo sac. term: micropyle (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006461 definition: A small canal through the inner integument(s) at the apex of a grass ovule. definition_reference: GR:pj term: microsporangium goid: PO:0009070 definition: Sporangium producing microspores, usually many in number. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: microsporangium (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006444 definition: Sporangium in the anther of a grass stamen producing microspores, usually many in number. definition_reference: GR:pj term: microsporangium (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006476 definition: Sporangium in the anther of a maize stamen producing microspores, usually many in number . definition_reference: GR:pj term: microspore goid: PO:0020048 definition: The smaller, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a heterosporous plant, and on germination giving rise to the male gametophyte. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: microspore (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006452 definition: The smaller, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced in the life cycle of a grass plant. It gives rise to the male gametophyte. definition_reference: GR:pj term: microspore (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006480 definition: The smaller, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced in the life cycle of a maize plant. It gives rise to the male gametophyte. definition_reference: GR:pj term: microsporocyte goid: PO:0020047 definition: A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) microspores. definition_reference: ISBN:0878934030 term: microsporocyte (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006451 definition: A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) microspores in a grass plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: microsporocyte (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006479 definition: A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) microspores in a maize plant. definition_reference: GR:pj term: microsporophyll goid: PO:0009028 definition: A structure on which one or more microsporangia are borne; in flowering plants, the stamen. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: middle layer goid: PO:0004700 definition: Usually a single cell layer between tapetum and endothecium which almost invariably degenerates early during angiosperm anther development and is eventually absorbed by adjacent cells. definition_reference: POC:curators term: middle layer of ovary wall goid: PO:0005025 definition: The middel layer is composed of one or more mesophyll layers composed chlorencymatous cell. It may have a distinct subepidermal adaxial cell layer (as found in Arabidopsis). definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:10332605 comment: The cells in the mesophyll layer(s) may not differentiate similar to the spongy and palisade cells found in the leaf mesophyll. term: midvein goid: PO:0020139 definition: The central, and usually the most prominent, vein of a leaf or leaf-like organ. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: modified aleurone goid: PO:0008008 definition: The morphologically distinct aleurone layer located adjacent to the nucellar projection. definition_reference: GR:ap term: mucilage cell goid: PO:0000373 definition: OBSOLETE. Cell containing mucilages or gums or similar carbohydrate material characterized by the property of swelling in water. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Functional term term: multiple fruit goid: PO:0020086 definition: OBSOLETE. Fruit on a common axis derived from the ovaries of several flowers. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: myrosin cell goid: PO:0000352 definition: Cell containing glucosinolates ("mustard oil glucosides") and myrosinases, enzymes hydrolyzing the glucosinolates. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: nectary goid: PO:0009035 definition: A multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances especially sugars. definition_reference: GR:pj term: nectary epidermis goid: PO:0000207 definition: The epidermal layer of the nectary. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: nectary parenchyma goid: PO:0000309 definition: Relatively unspecialized tissue present in the nectary. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: nexine goid: PO:0020011 definition: OBSOLETE: The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043672. term: nodal root goid: PO:0003005 definition: Adventitious root that forms at a shoot node. definition_reference: http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/typesofroots/ term: non-articulated laticifer goid: PO:0005007 definition: A structure consisting of long multinucleate tubes in which latex is found, having no cross walls. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: non-articulated laticifer cell goid: PO:0006222 definition: Latex-containing cell that elongates indefinitely and grows intrusively between the walls of meristematic cells. definition_reference: PMID:11732189 term: non-secretory trichome goid: PO:0004510 definition: Trichome that does not have secretory function. definition_reference: POC:curators term: nucellar epidermis goid: PO:0008006 definition: The morphologically distinct outer layer of the nucellus. definition_reference: GR:ap term: nucellar projection goid: PO:0008007 definition: The morphologically distinct portion of the nucellus overlying the vascular strands in the grass caryopsis. definition_reference: GR:ap term: nucellus goid: PO:0020020 definition: Subepidermal tissue in the ovule surrounding the megasporocyte. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: nucellus (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006462 definition: Subepidermal tissue in the ovule of a grass plant surrounding the megasporocyte. definition_reference: GR:pj term: nucellus (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006492 definition: Subepidermal tissue in the ovule of a maize plant surrounding the megasporocyte. definition_reference: GR:pj term: obturator goid: PO:0020029 definition: An outgrowth of the funicle, that forms a bridge between the micropyle and other tissues. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: Most commonly arising from the funicle, also developing from placenta, integument, etc. term: oil gland goid: PO:0005669 definition: A gland or a cavity lined with cells that secrete oils. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Oil glands are schizogenous. term: organ goid: PO:0009008 definition: A natural part or structure in a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv comment: All organs are represented under sporophyte. term: organogenic callus goid: PO:0006090 definition: A type of cultured callus that has competence to form any organ such as root, leaf, shoot, leafless shoot or bare stem, etc. definition_reference: POC:curators term: outer integument goid: PO:0020023 definition: One of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the ovule, contiguous to the inner integument and usually involved in forming the micropyle at the apex. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: outer integument epidermis goid: PO:0006045 definition: The epidermis of the outer integument in an ovule. definition_reference: GR:pj term: outer integumet (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006459 definition: One of the two layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule of a grass, contiguous to the inner integument and usually involved in forming the micropyle at the apex. definition_reference: GR:pj term: outer secondary parietal cell layer goid: PO:0006009 definition: One of the secondary parietal layer formed towards outside after the cells of the primary parietal cell layer undergo a periclinal division. It differentiates into the endothecium. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:2476454 term: outer vascular cambium goid: PO:0004522 definition: Cambium at the outer margin of the xylem cylinder. definition_reference: POC:curators term: ovary goid: PO:0009072 definition: The basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s). definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: ovary (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006456 definition: The basal portion of a carpel that encloses the ovule(s) in a grass floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovary (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006486 definition: The basal portion of a carpel that encloses the ovule(s) in a maize floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovary epidermis goid: PO:0006063 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the ovary. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovary epidermis (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006500 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the ovary of a grass carpel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovary placenta goid: PO:0020001 definition: A more or less localized region within an ovary to which ovules are attached. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: ovary placenta (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006467 definition: The region within an ovary to which ovules are attached in a grass carpel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovary placenta (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006490 definition: The region within an ovary to which ovules are attached in a maize carpel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovary wall goid: PO:0005022 definition: The wall of the ovary that is composed of abaxial (outer) and adaxial (inner) epidermis and a middel layer, composed of mesophyll cells and a distinct subepidermal adaxial cell layer (as found in Arabidopsis). definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:10332605 term: ovule goid: PO:0020003 definition: A stalked or sessile structure in a seed plant within which one or more megaspores are formed and later the female gametophyte or embryo sac develops. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: ovule (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006457 definition: A stalked or sessile structure in a grass carpel within which one or more megaspores are formed and later the female gametophyte or embryo sac develops. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovule (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006491 definition: A stalked or sessile structure in a maize carpel within which one or more megaspores are formed and later the female gametophyte or embryo sac develops. definition_reference: GR:pj term: ovule primordium goid: PO:0000018 definition: An organized group of cells that will differentiate into ovule. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: palea goid: PO:0009038 definition: In a grass floret, the upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Possibly a prophyll/bracteole. term: palea of ear floret goid: PO:0006361 definition: In a maize ear floret, the upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006430 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear pedicellate spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006411 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel pedicellate spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006428 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear sessile spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006399 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel sessile spikelet lower floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of tassel floret goid: PO:0006359 definition: In a maize tassel floret, the upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006429 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear pedicellate spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006413 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel pedicellate spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006427 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize ear sessile spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006401 definition: The upper of the two bracts enclosing a flower in a maize tassel sessile spikelet upper floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: paleal apiculus goid: PO:0006033 definition: A short, abrupt, flexible point present at the apex of the palea definition_reference: GR:pj term: palisade mesophyll goid: PO:0005648 definition: parenchyma containing closely packed elongated chlorenchymatous cells oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which are active in photosynthesis. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: palisade mesophyll cell goid: PO:0006206 definition: Elongated chlorenchymatous cell oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which is active in photosynthesis. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Usually found in the adaxil/upper part of the leaf mesophyll. term: palmate leaf goid: PO:0020046 definition: A once-compound leaf divided into several leaflets which arise at the same point, there being no rachis. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: papillae goid: PO:0002001 definition: A soft protuberance on an epidermal cell of the stigma. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: paraclade goid: PO:0004720 definition: Lateral branch which ends in an inflorescence that repeats the main inflorescence. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: ISBN:0521251346 term: paraclade cortex goid: PO:0004721 definition: The primary tissue located between the vascular system and the epidermis of the paraclade. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: parenchyma goid: PO:0005421 definition: Relatively unspecialized tissue composed of polyhedral cells typically with thin, non-lignified cellulose cell walls and nucleate living protoplasts. definition_reference: GR:pj term: parenchyma cell goid: PO:0000074 definition: A relatively unspecialized cell with a nucleate protoplast. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: parenchyma sheath goid: PO:0006024 definition: A single layered, parenchymatous bundle sheath characterized by presence of large quantity of starch. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: Homologous to the endodermis. term: passage cell goid: PO:0000353 definition: Cell in exodermis or endodermis that remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: pavement cell goid: PO:0000332 definition: Epidermal cell with characteristic sinuous anticlinal cell walls that overall give a jigsaw like appearance to the leaf epidermis. definition_reference: ISBN:087694289 term: pedicel goid: PO:0009052 definition: Basal part of the ultimate branch of the inflorescence. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: The bracteoles are borne on the pedicel, which terminates in a flower. term: pedicel cortex goid: PO:0004722 definition: The primary tissue located between the vascular system and the epidermis of the pedicel. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: pedicel of ear spikelet goid: PO:0006415 definition: This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate ear spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: pedicel of tassel spikelet goid: PO:0006416 definition: This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate tassel spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: pedicel vascular system goid: PO:0005012 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in the pedicel. definition_reference: TAIR:donghui definition_reference: PMID:17217456 term: peduncle goid: PO:0009053 definition: The stalk of an inflorescence; that part of the inflorescence below the first flower or inflorescence branch and above the last foliage leaf/pair of foliage leaves. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: perianth goid: PO:0009058 definition: Non-fertile parts of a flower surrounding the fertile organs, collectively the calyx and corolla of a flower, or only a singe whorl. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: periblem goid: PO:0008036 definition: The meristem forming the cortex definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: pericarp goid: PO:0009084 definition: The wall of a fruit, developed from the ovary or carpel wall. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: pericycle goid: PO:0006203 definition: Part of the tissue of the stele located between the phloem and endodermis. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: periderm goid: PO:0005046 definition: Secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in stems and root, rarely in other organs. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: perigynium goid: PO:0009044 definition: Sac-like bract subtending the pistillate flower, as in Carex. definition_reference: GR:pj term: peripheral zone goid: PO:0000225 definition: Organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. definition_reference: ISBN:0521288959 definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: perisperm goid: PO:0020058 definition: Diploid nutritive tissue in an angiospermous seed derived from nucellar tissue. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: petal goid: PO:0009032 definition: A member of the corolla, the inner whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile organs of a flower, usually soft and colored conspicuously. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: petal abaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006052 definition: The abaxial/lower epidermal cell layer of the petal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: petal adaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006053 definition: The adaxial/upper epidermal cell layer of the petal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: petal epidermis goid: PO:0006041 definition: The epidermal layer of the petal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: petal mesophyll goid: PO:0006071 definition: The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the petal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: petal parenchyma goid: PO:0006069 definition: Relatively unspecialized tissue present in the petals. definition_reference: GR:pj term: petal primordium goid: PO:0000021 definition: The very first appearance of a petal. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: petal vascular system goid: PO:0000054 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in the petal. definition_reference: POC:curators term: petiole goid: PO:0020038 definition: The stalk of a leaf. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: petiole abaxial epidermis goid: PO:0008029 definition: The epidermal layer of the abaxial/lower surface of the petiole definition_reference: GR:cwt term: petiole adaxial epidermis goid: PO:0008027 definition: The epidermal layer of adaxial/upper surface of the petiole definition_reference: GR:cwt term: petiole cortex goid: PO:0000053 definition: The primary tissue located between the vascular system and the epidermis of the petiole. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: petiole distal end goid: PO:0008026 definition: The region of the petiole distal to its stem attachment site or proximal to the leaf lamina. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: petiole epidermis goid: PO:0000051 definition: Epidermal layer of a leaf petiole. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: petiole parenchyma goid: PO:0006066 definition: Relatively unspecialized tissue present in the leaf petiole. definition_reference: GR:pj term: petiole proximal end goid: PO:0008024 definition: The region of the petiole proximal to its stem attachment site. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: petiole pulvinus goid: PO:0009111 definition: Pulvinus of the petiole definition_reference: GR:cwt term: petiole vascular system goid: PO:0000052 definition: Vascular system of the leaf petiole. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: petiolule goid: PO:0020050 definition: The stalk of a leaflet. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: phellem goid: PO:0004003 definition: Tissue centrifugally derived from cork cambium, nonliving at maturity, and having suberized walls. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: POC:curators comment: Protective in function because the walls are highly impervious to water. term: phelloderm goid: PO:0005050 definition: A tissue often resembling cortical parenchyma produced centripetally by the cork cambium. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: phelloid cell goid: PO:0004007 definition: OBSOLETE. A cell within the phellem (cork) but distinct from the cork cell in having no suberin in its walls. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Not used in current plant literature. Confusing definition. term: phloem goid: PO:0005417 definition: Vascular tissue whose principal function is conducting organic substances. definition_reference: GR:pj term: phloem fiber goid: PO:0004519 definition: A fiber in phloem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: phloem mother cell goid: PO:0000400 definition: A cell derived from vascular cambium which is destined to differentiate into secondary phloem. definition_reference: POC:curators comment: Phloem islands can be formed in the middle of the xylem. term: photosynthetic cell goid: PO:0004008 definition: OBSOLETE. A chloroplast-containing cell engaged in photosynthesis. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Functional characterization is not part of the criteria. term: phyllome goid: PO:0006001 definition: A collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: phyllome whorl goid: PO:0008033 definition: a circular arrangement of phyllome definition_reference: GR:cwt term: pinnate leaf goid: PO:0020045 definition: A once-compound leaf with leaflets borne along a rachis. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: The total number of leaflets may be even or odd, in which case the leaf is called even-pinnate or odd-pinnate respectively. term: pistillode goid: PO:0009078 definition: A sterile pistil, often rudimentary. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: pith goid: PO:0006109 definition: Non-vascular tissue in the center of stem or root definition_reference: ISBN:0080280307 term: placentoid goid: PO:0020005 definition: An inpushing of the anther wall. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: placentoid (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006448 definition: An inpushing of the anther wall of a grass stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj term: placentoid (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006483 definition: An inpushing of the anther wall of a maize stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj term: plant cell goid: PO:0009002 definition: Structural and physiological unit of a plant consisting of the cytoplasm, protoplast and cell wall; in nonliving state, of cell wall only, or cell wall and some nonliving inclusions. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: plant structure goid: PO:0009011 definition: Any morphological or anatomical feature of a plant. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: plerome goid: PO:0008035 definition: The meristem forming the core of the axis composed of the primary vascular tissues and associated ground tissue, such as pith and interfascicular regions. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: plumule goid: PO:0020032 definition: The somewhat differentiated terminal bud in several embryo types above the cotyledonary node, in which one or more internodes and leaves or scales can be discerned in a primordial stage. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: polar nucleus goid: PO:0020095 definition: OBSOLETE: Usually two nuclei in the center of the eight-nucleate embryo sac that fuse, and subsequently fuse with one of the male gametes to produce the endosperm. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: Comment: this term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology (GO:0043078). term: pollen tube goid: PO:0006345 definition: A tubular cell extension formed by the germinating pollen grain; carries the male gametes into the ovule. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: pollen tube tip goid: PO:0000028 definition: Tip portion of the pollen tube that is rapidly growing. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: pollen wall goid: PO:0020059 definition: OBSOLETE: Complex wall surrounding the micrsopore. definition_reference: UMSL:fz comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043667. term: primary endosperm cell goid: PO:0000038 definition: Cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and two polar nuclei of the central cell (or diploid secondary endosperm nucleus, in cases where two polar nuclei fuse together before double fertilization). The first cell of the endosperm, often tripoid. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: primary parietal cell goid: PO:0006010 definition: It is formed by the division of the archesporial initial. definition_reference: PMID:2476454 term: primary parietal cell layer goid: PO:0006006 definition: The primary parietal cell and adjacent cells together form this cell layer. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:2476454 term: primary phloem goid: PO:0006075 definition: The phloem of the primary plant body. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 comment: In stem or root it is differentiated behind the apical meristem. term: primary root goid: PO:0020127 definition: The root which develops directly from the embryonic radicle. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: primary root apical meristem goid: PO:0006081 definition: Meristem found in the apex of the primary root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: primary root differentiation zone goid: PO:0003015 definition: A zone of cells that are differentiating into their final form and function located behind the elongation zone of the portion of the primary root. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: primary root elongation zone goid: PO:0003003 definition: A zone of small, densely cytoplasmic cells that are dividing and expanding in size located behind the zone of cell division in the primary root. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: primary root tip goid: PO:0000026 definition: The portion of the primary root including the meristem and root cap. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: primary shoot goid: PO:0006341 definition: The shoot developing from the embryonic shoot apical meristem. definition_reference: UMSL:fz term: primary sporogenous cell goid: PO:0006088 definition: It is formed by the division of the male archesporial initial. After several mitotic divisions these cells differentiate into pollen mother cells. definition_reference: PMID:12897248 term: primary thickening meristem goid: PO:0005039 definition: A meristem derived directly from the shoot apical meristem and responsible for the primary increase in thickness of the shoot axis. definition_reference: ISSN:0669014893 comment: May appear as a distinct mantle like zone. Often found in monocotyledons term: primary vascular tissue goid: PO:0006078 definition: OBSOLETE. The vascular tissue of the primary plant body at the embryonic stage. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Redundant to sec ... term: primary xylem goid: PO:0005849 definition: The xylem of the primary plant body. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 definition_reference: ISBN:0471245194 comment: In stem or root it is differentiated behind the apical meristem. term: procambium goid: PO:0006074 definition: A primary cambium which undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: procumbent wood ray parenchyma cell goid: PO:0004529 definition: Ray cell within secondary xylem having its longest axis in radial direction. definition_reference: POC:curators term: proliferation tissue goid: PO:0006087 definition: OBSOLETE. Tissue that develops from phloem parenchyma in the outer portion of the inner bark accommodating the expansion in circumference. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: check the definition. term: promeristem goid: PO:0005752 definition: OBSOLETE. Meristematic tissue consisting of apical initials, together with cells derived from them and which are still close to the initial. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: prop root goid: PO:0000044 definition: Adventitious root formed at stem nodes above the ground and growing directly into the soil. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: This term is perhaps best defined functionally to prop the plant up. term: prophyll goid: PO:0009042 definition: The first leaf or two leaves formed at the base of an axillary shoot, often smaller and/or in a distinctively different position from those formed subsequently. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: protective layer goid: PO:0006212 definition: The layer of cells in the abscission zone that have lignin and suberin depositions and are found on the axial side of the break or exposed surface of abscission. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: protoderm goid: PO:0006210 definition: The undifferentiated surface cell layer of the primary plant body, which gives rise to epidermis. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: It may or may not arise from independent initials. Some researchers also call it an epidermis in meristematic state. term: protophloem goid: PO:0006077 definition: The first-formed elements of the primary phloem. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245194 term: protoxylem goid: PO:0000272 definition: The first formed elements of the primary xylem. definition_reference: ISBN:047125208 term: pulvinus goid: PO:0009000 definition: A more or less abrupt swelling, especially at the apex or base of a petiole or leaf sheath, often glandular and/or being the place where a plant responds to touch, gravity or light, in panicoid grasses a swollen region in the stem above the intercalary meristem - such a definition would also include stems of Chloranthaceae, Acanthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, etc., cf. articulation.\n definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: pyrene goid: PO:0020084 definition: OBSOLETE. The 'stone' or 'pit' (endocarp plus seed) of a succulent fruit. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: quaternary vein goid: PO:0008022 definition: The leaf vein arising from the tertiary vein definition_reference: GR:cwt term: quiescent center goid: PO:0020149 definition: Hemispherically shaped aggregation of mitotically and metabolically inactive cells positioned behind the root cap. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: rachilla of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006435 definition: The axis of the ear pedicellate spikelet, above the glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: rachilla of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006390 definition: The axis of the tassel pedicellate spikelet, above the glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: rachilla of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006436 definition: The axis of the ear sessile spikelet, above the glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: rachilla of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006389 definition: The axis of the tassel sessile spikelet, above the glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: radicle goid: PO:0020031 definition: The radicle is the basal continuation of the hypocotyl in an embryo and gives rise to the root system of the adult plant; sometimes more or less abortive. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: raphe goid: PO:0020027 definition: That part of the funiculus that is adnate to the ovule. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: see antiraphe. term: ray initial goid: PO:0000082 definition: A cell in the vascular cambium that gives rise to ray cells of the secondary xylem and secondary phloem. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: ray wood parenchyma goid: PO:0004534 definition: Radially oriented parenchyma tissue in secondary xylem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: ray wood parenchyma cell goid: PO:0004527 definition: Parenchyma cell of a ray in secondary xylem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: receptacle goid: PO:0009064 definition: The region at end of pedicel or axis to which parts of flower are attached. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: Poc:curators term: replum goid: PO:0005016 definition: A false septum formed by the ingrowth from the placenta of an ovary rather than from the carpel walls. This is formed post fertilization. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:13678595 definition_reference: PMID:15035986 term: reproductive shoot apical meristem goid: PO:0008028 definition: the meristem which gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.\n definition_reference: GR:cwt term: reproductive structures goid: PO:0009083 definition: OBSOLETE. Aggregation of gamete producing structures. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: resin canal goid: PO:0005665 definition: A duct of schizogenous origin lined with resin-secreting cells and containing resin definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: rhexigenous aerenchyma goid: PO:0005704 definition: OBSOLETE. Aerenchyma originating by rupture of cells. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The term was made obsolete because rhexigenous form is an attribute of regular aerenchyma. term: rhizome goid: PO:0004542 definition: Underground shoot definition_reference: POC:curators term: rib zone goid: PO:0000226 definition: The region of the meristem that lies below the central zone and is flanked by the peripheral zone definition_reference: ISBN:0521288959 definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: root goid: PO:0009005 definition: An axial system which is usually underground and more or less positively geotropic, does not bear leaves and only rarely shoots, is endogenous in origin, indeterminate in growth and often with secondary thickening. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the seed plant body. term: root aerenchyma goid: PO:0006213 definition: Parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces in the tissue of roots. definition_reference: GR:pj term: root apical meristem goid: PO:0020147 definition: Meristem at the root apex. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: UMSL:fz comment: In most cases it is involved in root elongation. term: root borne shoot goid: PO:0004544 definition: Shoot that is initiated from a root. definition_reference: POC:curators term: root cap goid: PO:0020123 definition: A group of cells that covers the apical meristem of the root. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: root cap of the lateral root goid: PO:0003018 definition: A group of cells that covers the apical meristem of the lateral root. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: root cap of the primary root goid: PO:0003017 definition: A group of cells that covers the apical meristem of the primary root. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: root cortex goid: PO:0000258 definition: The primary tissue located between the vascular system and the epidermis of the root. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:047125208 comment: In dicots and gymnosperms, the cortex consists of mainly parenchyma cells. In monocots sclerenchyma develops in addition to parenchyma. term: root cortex-endodermis initial cell goid: PO:0000060 definition: Cell that produces root cortex and endodermis. In direct contact with quiescent center. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: root endodermis goid: PO:0005059 definition: The innermost layer of the cortex in roots of seed plants. definition_reference: GR:pj term: root epidermis goid: PO:0006036 definition: The outermost primary cell layer of the root. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The root epidermis is different from the shoot epidermis in its origin, function and structure. term: root giant cell goid: PO:0005026 definition: Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving kayokinesis but not cytokinesis of the initial feeding feeding cell. The events are induced by root knot nematodes (e.g. Meloidogyne sp.) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system. definition_reference: PMID:15053756 definition_reference: GR:pj term: root hair goid: PO:0000256 definition: A root epidermal cell with a simple extension that is concerned with absorption of soil solution. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: root hair tip goid: PO:0000029 definition: Tip portion of an outgrowth of a root epidermal cell. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: root initial cell goid: PO:0000059 definition: Cell in the root apical meristem that by division gives rise to two cells one of which remains in the meristem, the other is added produces different root cells. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: root lateral meristem goid: PO:0006308 definition: Meristem of the root located parallel to the sides of the axis. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: Generally causes root thickening. Not to be confused with lateral root meristem, which is the meristem of the lateral root. term: root meristem goid: PO:0006085 definition: Meristem found in a root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: root nodule goid: PO:0003023 definition: Enlargement or swelling on the roots of plants, particularly in the Fabaceae, inhabited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: root periderm goid: PO:0005047 definition: Secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: root pith goid: PO:0005040 definition: Non-vascular tissue in the center of root. definition_reference: ISBN:0080280307 term: root primordium goid: PO:0005029 definition: An organized group of cells that will differentiate into a new root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: root procambium goid: PO:0006307 definition: A derivative of the apical meristem which undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue of a root. definition_reference: GR:pj term: root stele goid: PO:0020124 definition: The central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: Includes the pericycle as the outermost layer of the stele term: root syncytium cell goid: PO:0005027 definition: Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving fusion with the neighboring dividing cells. The events are induced by cyst\nnematodes (e.g. Heterodera schachtii) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system. definition_reference: PMID:15053756 definition_reference: GR:pj term: root tip goid: PO:0000025 definition: The portion of the root including the meristem and root cap. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: root vascular system goid: PO:0003011 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangements in the root. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: This term was brought back from OBSOLETE node (original reason for OBSOLETE: synonym of term stele). Since stele encompasses both, vascular system and the pith, in roots with pith, vascular system and stele are not synonymous. term: rosette leaf goid: PO:0000014 definition: One of multiple leaves borne in a rosette - a group of leaves, generally borne at the base of the plant, that are separated by very short internodes. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: n Arabidopsis, vegetative development is characterized by the production of the rosette leaves. term: salt gland goid: PO:0005661 definition: A specialized tissue where excess salt absorbed in water from the soil is concentrated, being stores or excreted. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: A crust of salt forms on leaves which tastes bad and the white surfaces act to reflect light. Example, as is Mangrove vegetation term: sapwood goid: PO:0004513 definition: Outer part of the wood of stem or root containing living cells and reserves and in which conduction of water takes place. Generally lighter colored than the heartwood definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: POC:curators term: scale leaf goid: PO:0006003 definition: A reduced and more or less non-photosynthetic leaf, often associated with a vegetatively propagating organ such as a rhizome or perennating bud. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: Sometimes referring specifically to such leaves on a seedling. term: schizo-lysigenous aerenchyma goid: PO:0005349 definition: OBSOLETE. Aerenchyma, originating by a combination of two processes, separation and degradation of cell walls. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: The term was made obsolete because schizo-lysigenous form is an attribute of regular aerenchyma. term: sclerenchyma goid: PO:0005427 definition: A supporting tissue composed of fibers or sclereids. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: sclerenchyma cell goid: PO:0000077 definition: Usually dead cell variable in form and size, with more or less thick, often lignified, secondary walls. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: sculpture elements goid: PO:0020015 definition: OBSOLETE: Third layer of sexine. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043675. term: scutellar epithelium goid: PO:0008048 definition: A continuous layer of cylindrical cells covering the endosperm side of the scutellum. Thought to act as a secretory and absortive organ definition_reference: GR:cwt term: scutellar node goid: PO:0004708 definition: The region in the embryo between the primary root (enclosed in the coleorhiza) and the plumule (enclosed in the coleoptile) to which the scutellum is attached. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv term: scutellar vascular system goid: PO:0008047 definition: The vascular system in scutellum definition_reference: GR:cwt term: scutellum goid: PO:0020110 definition: A more or less shield-shaped and absorptive portion of an embryo of grasses, probably a modified cotyledon. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: scutellum epidermis goid: PO:0006049 definition: The epidermal layer of the scutellum. definition_reference: GR:pj term: second order inflorescence branch goid: PO:0006321 definition: Any branch forming from the primary or first order inflorescence branch. definition_reference: GR:pj term: secondary parietal cell layer goid: PO:0006007 definition: The cells of the primary parietal cell layer undergo a periclinal division resulting in the formation of the two secondary parietal layers. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:2476454 term: secondary phloem goid: PO:0005043 definition: The phloem tissue formed by the activity of the vascular cambium. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 comment: Part of the bark. term: secondary vascular tissue goid: PO:0006080 definition: OBSOLETE. The vascular tissue derived from the vascular cambium because of the secondary growth. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Redundant sec phloem and xylem term: secondary vein goid: PO:0020140 definition: Second order veins in the leaf blade. definition_reference: GR:pj term: secondary xylem goid: PO:0005848 definition: The xylem tissue formed by the activity of the vascular cambium. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0471245194 comment: It is absent in small dicot annuals and most monocots; the "wood" of broad leaf angiosperm tress. term: secretory cell goid: PO:0004012 definition: OBSOLETE. Cell that produces secreted substances. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: This is a functional term. term: secretory tissue goid: PO:0005656 definition: Tissues that form specialized structures producing a secretion. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: The synonym gland does not imply non-secretory 'glands'. term: secretory trichome goid: PO:0004509 definition: A trichome that secretes or sequesters a substance. definition_reference: POC:curators term: seed goid: PO:0009010 definition: A propagating organ formed in the reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, derived from the ovule and enclosing an embryo. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj comment: The seed is representative of a next generation of sporophyte. term: seed and fruit wall as dispersal unit goid: PO:0020085 definition: OBSOLETE. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: seed as dispersal unit goid: PO:0020081 definition: OBSOLETE. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: seed chalaza goid: PO:0006333 definition: Remnant of the ovular chalaza which is a region in the ovule where the integuments and the nucellus merge with the funiculus. definition_reference: GR:pj term: seed coat goid: PO:0009088 definition: Covering of seed derived from ovular - mainly integumentary - tissue. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: TAIR:lr comment: Used only when not specified more precisely; see testa, tegmen. term: seed coat epidermis goid: PO:0006048 definition: The epidermal layer of the seed coat. definition_reference: GR:pj term: seed funicle goid: PO:0006332 definition: Remnants of the funicle from ovary where it attaches the ovule to the placenta. definition_reference: GR:pj term: seed hair goid: PO:0004511 definition: Trichome that develops from seed coat epidermis and is often long with putative dispersal function. definition_reference: POC:curators term: seed micropyle goid: PO:0006334 definition: A pore on the seed coat which is a remnant of the ovular micropyle. definition_reference: GR:pj term: seed obturator goid: PO:0006336 definition: An outgrowth of the seed funicle, that forms a bridge between the seed micropyle and other tissues. It is also a remnant form of the obturator found in the ovular funicle. definition_reference: GR:pj term: seed operculum goid: PO:0019024 definition: A plug-like structure formed in the micropylar region of the seed coat. definition_reference: ISBN:0080280293 term: seed raphe goid: PO:0006331 definition: The ridge along the body of the seed formed from the part of funiculus that was adnate to the ovule. definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: seedling goid: PO:0008037 definition: A young plant derived from a newly germinated seed definition_reference: GR:cwt term: seminal root goid: PO:0000046 definition: Root formed within the scutelar node of the embryo in some monocotyledonous plants. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: sepal goid: PO:0009031 definition: A member of the (usually green) outer whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile organs of a flower. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: sepal abaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006054 definition: The abaxial/lower epidermal cell layer of the sepal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: sepal adaxial epidermis goid: PO:0006055 definition: The adaxial/upper epidermal cell layer of the sepal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: sepal epidermis goid: PO:0006040 definition: The outermost cell layer of the sepal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: sepal margin goid: PO:0005021 definition: The margin or edge of the sepal. definition_reference: TAIR:donghui definition_reference: PMID:15269176 term: sepal mesophyll goid: PO:0006072 definition: The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the sepal. definition_reference: GR:pj term: sepal parenchyma goid: PO:0006068 definition: Relatively unspecialized tissue present in the sepals. definition_reference: GR:pj term: sepal primordium goid: PO:0004704 definition: The very first appearance of a sepal. definition_reference: POC:curators term: sepal vascular system goid: PO:0004723 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in the sepal. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: separation layer goid: PO:0006211 definition: Cells that develop an abnormal wall chemistry and swelling resulting in easily being pulled apart along the pectin-rich middle lamella; directly involved in the weakening process of abscission. definition_reference: ISBN:0122151704 term: septate fiber goid: PO:0004521 definition: A fiber with thin transverse walls (septa), which are formed after the cell develops a secondary wall thickening. definition_reference: POC:curators term: septum goid: PO:0000030 definition: A thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue, e.g., in anther, ovary or fruit. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: sexine goid: PO:0020012 definition: OBSOLETE: The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043673. term: sheath cell goid: PO:0004531 definition: Cell on the margin of, and tending to form a sheath around, the procumbent cells of a multi-seriate ray as seen in tangential section. definition_reference: POC:curators term: shoot goid: PO:0009006 definition: Part of the sporophyte composed of the stems and leaves, and includes shoot apical meristems. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: shoot apex goid: PO:0000037 definition: The topmost part of the shoot, situated at the distal extremity of the shoot axis, consists of apical meristem and the youngest leaf primordia. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: shoot apical meristem goid: PO:0020148 definition: Meristem formed in the apex of the shoot, including meristems originating as axillary shoot meristems. definition_reference: UMSL:fz term: shoot borne root goid: PO:0000042 definition: Post-embryonic root developed from shoot tissue. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: shoot borne shoot goid: PO:0004545 definition: Shoot that is initiated from a shoot. definition_reference: POC:curators term: shoot epidermis goid: PO:0006035 definition: Outer layer of the shoot organs. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: Often interrupted by stomata and other structures. The shoot epidermis is different from the root epidermis in its origin, function and structure. term: shoot internode goid: PO:0005005 definition: The region of the shoot present between the two shoot nodes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: shoot lateral meristem goid: PO:0006344 definition: Meristem of the shoot located parallel to the sides of the axis. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: shoot meristem goid: PO:0006079 definition: Meristem found in a shoot. definition_reference: GR:pj term: shoot node goid: PO:0005004 definition: The region of the shoot where the spikelet, flower, floret, branch, bud and/or leaves are attached. definition_reference: GR:pj term: shoot procambium goid: PO:0006306 definition: A derivative of the apical meristem which undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue of a shoot. definition_reference: GR:pj term: short cell goid: PO:0004718 definition: An isodiametric epidermal cell. definition_reference: POC:curators comment: The leaf epidermis of Poaceae and Joinvilleaceae, long cells and short cells often alternate in longitudinal rows. term: short shoot goid: PO:0004701 definition: Shoot in which the internodes elongate little or at all, bearing reproductive structures and/or leaves. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: short tassel branch goid: PO:0009102 definition: The very short branch that may arise from either or both the long lateral branch and the central spike of tassel in maize. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv definition_reference: GR:pj term: short tassel branch meristem goid: PO:0009103 definition: The meristem present on either or both the long lateral branch and central spike of a maize tassel that gives rise to short tassel branch. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv definition_reference: GR:pj term: sieve tube member goid: PO:0000289 definition: One of the series of cells that make up a sieve tube; it shows a more or less pronounced differentiation between sieve plates (wide pores) and lateral sieve areas (narrow pores). definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Also sieve tube element and the obsolete sieve tube segment. term: silica cell goid: PO:0004009 definition: Cells with deposits of silica in them. One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with epidermal cork cell. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: One of two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses. term: silk goid: PO:0006488 definition: The style of a maize floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: silk scar goid: PO:0002004 definition: The silk scar is composed of the shrivelled remains of the intercalary region of the silk, together with the base of the silk which is the true stylar tissue of the silk arising from the distal end of the developing kernel (caryopsis). definition_reference: GR:cwt6 term: simple leaf goid: PO:0020042 definition: A leaf in which the lamina is undivided. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: socket cell goid: PO:0000115 definition: Cell that surrounds a trichome and provides its support. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: PMID:15319479 term: sperm cell goid: PO:0000084 definition: A haploid male reproductive cell (usually two in number); during double fertilization, one fuses with the female gamete (egg cell) to produce a zygote while another fusses with the two polar nuclei of the central cell to give rise to endosperm. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: spikelet goid: PO:0009051 definition: Ultimate and congested inflorescence branch of the grasses. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: It consists of one to many closely-packed flowers and associated glumes etc. term: spikelet meristem goid: PO:0006327 definition: Apical meristem that gives rise to the two or more florets of a grass inflorescence. definition_reference: GR:pj term: spikelet pair meristem goid: PO:0006328 definition: The meristem that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Found in some grass inflorescences. term: spikelet pedicel goid: PO:0006319 definition: Inflorescence branch that terminates in a spikelet. definition_reference: Poc:curators comment: This is not a pedicel in the strict sense, but is the ultimate naked part of the inflorescence axis. term: spikelet rachilla goid: PO:0009080 definition: The axis of the spikelet, above the glumes. definition_reference: Poc:curators term: spongy mesophyll goid: PO:0005647 definition: Leaf mesophyll parenchyma characterized by little elongated cells, that are not closely packed and have conspicuous intercellular spaces. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: spongy mesophyll cell goid: PO:0006205 definition: Irregularly-shaped, chlorenchymatous cell, separated by large air spaces. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: Usually found in the abaxial/lower part of the leaf mesophyll as in a dorsiventral leaf, but between two palisade parenchyma layers in an isobilateral leaf. term: sporocyte goid: PO:0006204 definition: A diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid (1n) spores. definition_reference: GR:pj term: sporophyll goid: PO:0009026 definition: A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: sporophyte goid: PO:0009003 definition: A plant or phase of a life cycle that bears spores formed by meiosis. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: stamen goid: PO:0009029 definition: A microsporophyll bearing one or more microsporangia. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: stamen (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006441 definition: A microsporophyll, bearing four microsporangia in a grass floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stamen (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006472 definition: A microsporophyll bearing four microsporangia in a maize floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stamen primordium goid: PO:0004705 definition: The very first appearance of a stamen. definition_reference: POC:curators term: stamen vascular system goid: PO:0005018 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in the stamen. definition_reference: GR:pj term: staminode goid: PO:0009077 definition: Sterile stamen. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: GR:pj term: starch sheath cell goid: PO:0000020 definition: OBSOLETE. Cells characterized by conspicuous and rather stable accumulation of starch. definition_reference: ISBN:044174520 comment: Uninformative definition term: statolith goid: PO:0020134 definition: OBSOLETE. Solid cell inclusion of starch containing plastids occurring in root cap cells. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: This is sub-cellular term term: stem goid: PO:0009047 definition: The axial system of plants that bears leaves and buds.\n definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: It is usually above ground and more or less negatively geotropic, is exogenous in origin, often indeterminate in growth and with secondary thickening. term: stem aerenchyma goid: PO:0006214 definition: Parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stem base goid: PO:0008039 definition: The basal part of stem definition_reference: GR:cwt term: stem cortex goid: PO:0000223 definition: The primary tissue located between the vascular system and the epidermis of the stem. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 term: stem endodermis goid: PO:0005058 definition: The innermost layer of cortex in the stem of seed plants. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stem epidermis goid: PO:0000112 definition: Epidermal layer of the stem. definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: stem hypodermis goid: PO:0005057 definition: A layer or layers of cells beneath the stem epidermis distinct in appearance from adjacent tissues. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: stem intercalary meristem goid: PO:0006347 definition: Meristematic tissue in the primary body of stem separated from the apical meristem by more or less mature tissues. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stem internode goid: PO:0020142 definition: The portion of a stem between the level of insertion of two successive leaves, leaf pairs or leaf whorls, or branches of an inflorescence, i.e. between two nodes. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: see node. term: stem internode differentiation zone goid: PO:0008042 definition: Region in stem internode where cells are becoming specialzed to form cortex,, endodermis or, vascular tissue definition_reference: GR:cwt term: stem internode elongation zone goid: PO:0008041 definition: Zone of pronounced cell elongation in stem internode definition_reference: GR:cwt term: stem node goid: PO:0020141 definition: The level (transverse plane) of a stem at which one or more leaves and associated axillary bud(s) arise. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: stem periderm goid: PO:0005048 definition: Secondary protective tissue that replaces the epidermis in stem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stem pith goid: PO:0005041 definition: Non-vascular tissue in the center of stem. definition_reference: ISBN:0080280307 term: stem trichome goid: PO:0005003 definition: Trichome on/from the epidermis of the stem. definition_reference: TAIR:donghui definition_reference: PMID:17217456 term: stem vascular system goid: PO:0000039 definition: Vascular tissues in their specific arrangements in the stem definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: sterile lemma goid: PO:0009040 definition: A bract in the position of a lemma, but not enclosing floral organs definition_reference: UMSL:tk comment: An undeveloped androecium or gynoecium may or may not be detectable. term: stigma goid: PO:0009073 definition: Part of a carpel or group of fused carpels on which the pollen germinates, usually apical. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: stigma (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006468 definition: The apical part of a carpel of a grass floret on which the pollen germinates. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stigma (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006487 definition: The apical part of a carpel of a maize floret on which the pollen germinates. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stigma epidermis goid: PO:0006061 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the stigma. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: PMID:11951033 term: stigma epidermis (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006497 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the grass stigma. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stigma vascular system goid: PO:0008012 definition: Vascular system of stigma definition_reference: GR:cwt term: stipel goid: PO:0020051 definition: Stipule-like appendage(s) at the base of a leaflet (in unifoliolate or simple leaves, found at the top of the petiole). definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: stipule goid: PO:0020041 definition: One of (usually) a pair of appendages at the bases of leaves in many broad-leaved angiosperms. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: The term not used for monocot leaves. term: stolon goid: PO:0003024 definition: A slender, prostrate or trailing above-ground stem which produces roots and sometimes erect shoots at its nodes. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: stomatal complex goid: PO:0002000 definition: An opening pore on the epidermis of leaves and stems bordered by two guard cells and serving in gas exchange. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: stomatal pore goid: PO:0008032 definition: The space of variable size controlled by stomatal guard cells in response to environmental clues. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: stomium goid: PO:0020101 definition: A fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stomium (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006449 definition: A fissure in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released in grasses. definition_reference: GR:pj term: stomium (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006485 definition: A fissure in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released in maize. definition_reference: GR:pj term: strophiole goid: PO:0019023 definition: An outgrowth occurring on the raphe. definition_reference: ISBN:0080280293 term: style goid: PO:0009074 definition: An elongated part of a carpel or group of fused carpels between the ovary and the stigma, and through which the pollen tube grows. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: style (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006469 definition: An elongated part of a carpel between the ovary and the stigma of a grass floret, through which the pollen tube grows. definition_reference: GR:pj term: style epidermis goid: PO:0006062 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the style. definition_reference: GR:pj term: style epidermis (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006498 definition: The epidermal cell layer of the style of a grass carpel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: subsidiary cell goid: PO:0000284 definition: An epidermal cell associated with a stoma and at least morphologically distinguishable from the other epidermal cells. definition_reference: ISBN:047124520 term: subterranean tuber goid: PO:0004547 definition: A swollen rhizome or a part of the rhizome with determinate growth. definition_reference: POC:curator comment: This has nothing to do with the underground swollen storage organ of Ipomoea which is swollen. term: suspensor goid: PO:0020108 definition: A nearly always single file of cells at the base of the embryo derived from the basal cell. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: It anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm. term: synergid goid: PO:0000191 definition: Cell, usually two in number, in the micropylar end of the embryo sac of angiosperms associated with the egg in the egg apparatus. definition_reference: ISBN:047125208 definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: tapetum goid: PO:0009071 definition: Innermost part of the anther wall, involved in the nutrition of the pollen. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: tapetum (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006450 definition: Innermost part of the anther wall, involved in the nutrition of the pollen in grasses. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tapetum (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006484 definition: Innermost part of the anther wall, involved in the nutrition of the pollen in maize. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel goid: PO:0020126 definition: The functionally-staminate flowering structure that terminates the stem of a Zea mays plant. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv comment: Branched inflorescence with a central axis and about 10-50 lateral branches. term: tassel apical meristem goid: PO:0006376 definition: Apical shoot meristem that gives rise to the maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel branch goid: PO:0006323 definition: Any branch forming from the primary or higher order tassel axes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel floret goid: PO:0006310 definition: Flowers of the spikelets of maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel floret meristem goid: PO:0006374 definition: Apical meristem that gives rise to the organs of a maize tassel floret. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel lateral meristem goid: PO:0009107 definition: The meristem that gives rise to the long lateral branch, short branch and spikelets in maize tassel. definition_reference: MaizeGDB:lv term: tassel meristem goid: PO:0009106 definition: Meristem that gives rise to the apical and lateral structures of the tassel inflorescence in maize. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel pedicellate spikelet goid: PO:0006312 definition: Ultimate inflorescence branch of the maize tassel with a pedicel, developing from the spikelet pair meristem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel peduncle goid: PO:0006417 definition: The axis of a maize tassel below the lowest tassel node. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel sessile spikelet goid: PO:0006311 definition: Ultimate inflorescence branch of the maize tassel without a pedicel, developing from the spikelet pair meristem. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel spikelet goid: PO:0006309 definition: Ultimate inflorescence branch of the maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel spikelet meristem goid: PO:0006377 definition: Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize tassel spikelets. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel spikelet pair meristem goid: PO:0006358 definition: The meristem present on short tassel branch that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems in a maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tassel spikelet rachilla goid: PO:0006379 definition: The axis of the tassel spikelet, above the glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tectum goid: PO:0020013 definition: OBSOLETE: The layer of sexine, which forms a roof over the columellae, granules or other infratectal elements. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: This term is now available in the cellular_component aspect of the Gene Ontology, GO:0043676, term: tegmen goid: PO:0020056 definition: That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner integument. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: tepal goid: PO:0009033 definition: A perianth segment in a flower in which there are two whorls of such segments, but all are similar in appearance. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: terminal bud goid: PO:0004713 definition: Bud formed at the apex of shoot. definition_reference: POC:curators term: terminal floral bud goid: PO:0004714 definition: Bud formed at the apex of shoot that develops into a flower. definition_reference: POC:curators term: terminal inflorescence bud goid: PO:0004715 definition: Bud formed at the apex of shoot that develops into an inflorescence. definition_reference: POC:curators term: terminal vegetative bud goid: PO:0004716 definition: Bud formed at the apex of shoot that develops into a long or short shoot. definition_reference: POC:curators term: tertiary vein goid: PO:0008021 definition: The leaf vein arising from the secondary vein definition_reference: GR:cwt term: testa goid: PO:0020057 definition: That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer integument, or from the single integument when there is only one. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: tetrad of microspores goid: PO:0000032 definition: A group of four haploid cells that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. Each cell will give rise to the male gametophyte. definition_reference: TAIR:ki term: theca goid: PO:0009069 definition: A part of the anther consisting of paired sporangia that dehisce down a common slit. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: theca (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006453 definition: A part of the anther of a grass stamen consisting of paired sporangia that dehisce down a common slit. definition_reference: GR:pj term: theca (sensu Zea) goid: PO:0006478 definition: A part of the anther of a maize stamen consisting of paired sporangia that dehisce down a common slit. definition_reference: GR:pj term: third order inflorescence branch goid: PO:0006322 definition: Any branch forming from the second order inflorescence branch. definition_reference: GR:pj term: tile cell goid: PO:0004530 definition: Empty upright ray cell of approximately the same height as the procumbent ray cell and occurring in indeterminate horizontal series usually interspersed among the procumbent cells. definition_reference: POC:curators term: tissue goid: PO:0009007 definition: Group of cells organized into a structural and functional unit; the component cells may be alike (simple tissue) or varied (complex tissue). definition_reference: TAIR:lr term: tracheary element goid: PO:0000290 definition: General term for any water conducting cell, tracheid or vessel member. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: tracheid goid: PO:0000301 definition: In the xylem, a dead elongated water-conducting cell in which at least the middle lamella of the end walls remains intact. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: tracheid bar goid: PO:0019026 definition: A distinct ring-like structure, composed of tracheid cells, which surrounds the hilum of some taxa e.g., Phaseolus, and forms a groove in the surface of the pericarp (immediately adjacent to the hilum). definition_reference: ISBN:0080280293 term: transfer cell goid: PO:0000078 definition: A cell with wall ingrowths (or invaginations) that increase the surface of the plasmalemma. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 comment: Appears to be specialized for short-distance transfer of solutes. term: transfusion tissue goid: PO:0006084 definition: Tissue consisting of tracheids and parenchyma cells, associated with the vascular bundle. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 comment: Found generally in gymnosperm leaves. term: transition leaf goid: PO:0008018 definition: A leaf that is part of an heteroblastic series, and is characterized by anatomical features that are intermediate between juvenile and adult leaves. definition_reference: GR:cwt term: transition zone goid: PO:0003000 definition: A region of the root between the meristem and the region of rapid elongation in which isodiametric growth (cell expansion) occurs. definition_reference: Agricola:IND23249552 definition_reference: http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=IND23249552&db=agr term: transmitting tissue goid: PO:0020102 definition: Tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: transmitting tissue (sensu Poaceae) goid: PO:0006499 definition: Tissue in the style of a grass carpel, through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary. definition_reference: GR:pj term: trichoblast goid: PO:0000262 definition: The smaller cell produced by the asymmetric division of a root epidermal cell that gives rise to a root hair. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: trichome goid: PO:0000282 definition: An outgrowth from the epidermis varying in size and complexity and including hairs, scales, and other structures; may be glandular. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: In Arabidopsis, patterning of trichome development is not random but does not appear to be lineage-based like stomata. term: trichome branch goid: PO:0008031 definition: The branch on a trichome definition_reference: GR:cwt term: trichome cell goid: PO:0008030 definition: Each cell which is part of a trichome definition_reference: GR:cwt term: tuber goid: PO:0004543 definition: Swollen storage shoot with determinate growth. definition_reference: POC:curators term: tunica goid: PO:0006302 definition: OBSOLETE. The outermost layer or layers in the shoot apical meristem of the Angiosperms in which the plane of division is almost anticlinal. This layer contributes to surface growth. definition_reference: GR:pj definition_reference: ISBN:047124529 comment: The term has been made obsolete because this concept is used in a very loose sense. term: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006350 definition: The uppermost of the two florets of the pedicellate spikelet rachilla of a maize ear. The upper floret on the ear usually develops into a functional one. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006314 definition: One of the two florets placed above the lower floret on the pedicellate spikelet rachilla of a maize tassel definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006352 definition: One of the two florets placed above the lower floret on the sessile spikelet rachilla of a maize ear. This floret usually develops into a functional one. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006316 definition: One of the two florets placed above the lower floret on the sessile spikelet rachilla of a maize tassel. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper glume goid: PO:0006004 definition: The apical/distal of the two glumes. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper glume of ear spikelet goid: PO:0006371 definition: TThe apical/distal of the two glumes in the ear spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006439 definition: The apical/distal of the two glumes in the pedicellate spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper glume of pedicellate spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006388 definition: The apical/distal of the two glumes in a tassel pedicellate spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper glume of sessile spikelet of ear goid: PO:0006440 definition: The apical/distal of the two glumes in the sessile spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper glume of sessile spikelet of tassel goid: PO:0006387 definition: The apical/distal of the two glumes in a tassel sessile spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upper glume of tassel spikelet goid: PO:0006370 definition: The apical/distal of the two glumes in the tassel spikelet. definition_reference: GR:pj term: upright wood ray parenchyma cell goid: PO:0004528 definition: Ray cell in secondary xylem oriented axially (vertically in the axis) with its longest dimension. definition_reference: POC:curators term: valve goid: PO:0000033 definition: Portion of an organ that is fragmented; in capsule, the portions into which the pericarp splits at maturity. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: vascular bundle goid: PO:0005020 definition: A unit strand of the vascular system containing the vascular tissues, xylem and phloem. In addition vascular cambium is often present. definition_reference: GR:pj term: vascular cambium goid: PO:0005598 definition: A lateral meristem, the cells of which give rise to secondary xylem and phloem, leading to an increase in girth. definition_reference: GR:pj term: vascular system goid: PO:0000034 definition: Total of the vascular tissues in their specific arrangement in a plant or plant organ. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: vascular tissue goid: PO:0009015 definition: Conducting tissues made up of xylem and phloem. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary comment: In the stem it is often found as a stele, surrounded by the cortex and surrounding the pith. term: vegetative bud goid: PO:0000058 definition: Bud that develops into a long or short shoot. definition_reference: POC:curators term: vegetative cell goid: PO:0020099 definition: The larger cell of the male gametophyte of angiosperms that does not divide further. definition_reference: APWeb:Glossary term: vegetative shoot apical meristem goid: PO:0008016 definition: the meristem which gives rise to the apical growth of vegetative tissues and organs.\n definition_reference: GR:cwt term: velamen goid: PO:0006042 definition: A multiseriate epidermis found in aerial roots of some monocots. Most of its cells are dead and store water like a sponge. definition_reference: ISBN:0080374913 term: vessel member goid: PO:0002003 definition: One of the cellular components of a vessel, a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: whole plant goid: PO:0000003 definition: The entire plant, including roots, shoots and leaves, at any stage of its life cycle. definition_reference: TAIR:ki comment: This term is so general that it should be avoided whenever possible. term: wood parenchyma goid: PO:0004532 definition: Parenchymatous tissue occurring in the wood. definition_reference: POC:curators term: wood parenchyma cell goid: PO:0004525 definition: Parenchyma cell occurring within secondary xylem. definition_reference: POC:curators term: xylem goid: PO:0005352 definition: vascular tissue whose principal function is the upward translocation of water and solutes. definition_reference: GR:pj comment: See also primary xylem and secondary xylem. term: xylem element goid: PO:0000273 definition: A cell making up xylem tissue. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: xylem fiber goid: PO:0000274 definition: A fiber in xylem. definition_reference: ISBN:0471245208 term: zygote goid: PO:0000423 definition: Diploid cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and egg cell. definition_reference: TAIR:ki